NASA-UAP-D018 Gemini-4 Experiment-Debriefing 1967

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APR 69 PREVIOUS EDITIONS MAY BE USED

Mission Operation Report
No. M-913-65-04
MEMORANDUM
June 1, 1965
To
A/Administrator
From
M/Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight
Subject:
Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4) Additional Flight Activities
Subsequent to the preparation of the GT-4 Mission Operation Report several
new procedures and items of equipment have progressed to a stage of flight
readiness.
Consequently, three significant additional flight activities are
now possible and have been included in the mission.
These activities are:
extra vehicular activities (EVA); extra vehicular propulsion; and demonstration
of rendezvous with the booster second stage.
Additional details of these
flight plan activities are provided in the attached supplement to the basic
report.
Enclosure:
MOR No. 913-65-04
Change 1
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

M-913-65-04
ADDITIONAL GT-4 FLIGHT PLAN ACTIVITIES
Three additional special engineering and operational objectives are now
planned for the first four orbits of the GT-4 Mission:
1.
Demonstration of extravehicular activities (EVA) using a 25 foot
umbilical.
Potential future application includes crew transfer, in­
flight repair, and inspection of orbiting objects.
2.
Demonstration of extravehicular maneuvering using a simple, one­
man propulsion unit.
This device could be used with or without
a spacecraft tether on future missions.
3.
Demonstration of rendezvous with the booster second stage.
This
activity wil I provide valuable early information and maneuvering
procedures necessary to rendezvous with a target vehicle.
Flashing
lights identical to those designed for the Gemini/Agena Vehicle
have been insta I led on the booster second stage for th is test.
The Flight Plan sequence involves post-launch separation from the launch
vehicle, then maneuvering to stop the spacecraft separation velocity. The
first two orbits wil I be flown with the spacecraft at distances less than one
quarter of a mile from the launch vehicle.
Nighttime separation will be
sufficient to prevent the flashing lights from disturbing the pilot's visual dark
adaptation.
The first orbit will be occupied with operational checks of the
spacecraft guidance, maneuvering, and environmental control systems.
The
pilots will utilize the second orbit to prepare for the extravehicular activity.
This procedure involves unstowing and assembling a 25-foot umbilical, the
emergency oxygen pack, a maneuvering unit, and the cameras.
Over Hawaii,
at daybreak, near the end of the second orbit, the cabin will be depressurized
and Jim McDivitt will maneuver to within close proximity of the booster.
At
this point, the right hatch will be opened and Ed White will climb out and
hold on the right forward portion of the spacecraft unti I McDivitt gives him a
release command.
Upon command, White wi II push off slowly and reorient
himself with the hand-held maneuvering unit to face the booster.
A 35-mm still
camera (Zeiss-Contarex) mounted on the maneuvering unit will be used to photo­
graph the booster and spacecraft with various earth/sky backgrounds.
After
testing his ability to maneuver in a zero gravity environment, White will
maneuver back toward the spacecraft and ingress.
The total time separated
from the spacecraft will be approximately 10 minutes.
He will be inside
with the cabin repressurized by the time the spacecraft posses over Ascension
Island on the start of the third orbit.
Shortly ofter passing Ascension, McDivitt wil I maneuver ahead of the booster
with 5 feet per second separation velocity.
Because this maneuver places the
spacecraft in a higher altitude and longer period orbit than the booster, it will
rise above and fall behind the booster.
One orbit later, the spacecraft
6/1/65
Page 1

M-913-65-04
will trail 16 miles behind the booster.
At this point, a spacecraft retardation
maneuver of 13 feet per second will initiate the visual rendezvous sequence.
The spacecraft will approach the booster from behind and below.
Because of
unknown variation in the atmospheric density and drag of the slowly tumbling
booster, the exact approach trajectory cannot be predicted.
The flight crew
will measure elevation angles of the booster and wil I initiate rendezvous
maneuvers when the booster is approximately 45 degrees elevation angle above
the spacecraft.
By observing the movement of the booster with respect to the
star background and with respect to the spacecraft inertia l platform display, the
crew can determine the proper lateral maneuver to null the lateral component
of velocity thereby resulting in a spacecraft velocity vector which is directly
toward the booster.
After removing the lateral velocity difference, the pilot
will apply a series of breaking maneuvers with the forward firing thrusters to
reduce the closing velocity.
The flight crew will measure with onboard
instruments the total maneuvering velocity required for the rendezvous procedure.
The spacecraft should be back in close proximity of the launch vehicle over
the Northeast coast of South America at the beginning of the fifth orbit.
After the rendezvous operation is complete, the spacecraft will again separate
from the booster - this time using a maneuver which will place the Gemini
spacecraft on an orbit with a predicted lifetime of four days.
The EVA suit is the new G4C suit which replaces the G3C suit used so
successfully by the GT-3 flight crew.
The G4C suit has the following new
features:
a.
Helmet - incorporation of triple lens shield (visors) for visual, thermal,
impact, and micrometeorite protection.
b.
Torso ­
1.
Change to Nomex (HT-1)
11 Linknet11 in restraint layer for increased
structure I strength.
2.
Incorporation of strain relief zipper in sealing closure.
3.
Incorporation of redesigned ventilation inlet and outlet fittings with
automatic locking and redundant sealing features.
4.
Replace Nomex (HT-1) coverlayer with integrated thermal and
mi crometeori ty cover layer.
c.
Gloves - Incorporate new design with increased mobility, abrasion
resistance and thermal protection.
d.
Bio-connector - Self-alighment, pin protective design.
6/1/65
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M-913-65-04
Figure 1 depicts the
principal physical
differences between
the old G3C suit
and the new EVA
G4C suit.
Figure
2 shows that with
one visor down on
the new G4C helmet,
there is practi ca I ly
no attenutation of
Ii ght entering, whereas
Figure 3 shows that
with two of the visors
down there is a
noticeable difference
in the amount of
light that enters the
astronaut's eyes.
With the third visor
down, there would
be a similar decrease
in the amount of
I ight al lowed to enter
the helmet.
The multivarious layers
of materials used in
the EVA G4C suits
are delineated in
Figure 4.
It should
be noted that the old
G3C suit consisted
only of the pressure
and restraint layers
of Figure 4 with the
HT -1 nylon outer
protective layer.
The EVA spacesuit
has received the
following qualifi­
cation tests:
FIG.
G-4C
OVER VISOR
SPACE
HELMET
6/1/65
Page 3

____
•
M-913-65-04
G-4C
OVERVISOR
SPACE
HELMET
FIG. 3
G-4C EXTRAVEHICULAR SUIT
HH NYLON OUITR
~6~~ T~~~~~} ~~~;:)
USE: WEAR AND
SOLAR REFLECTANCE
7 LAYERS ALUMINIZEO
MYLAR SEPARATED BY
7 LAYCAS UNWOVEN
DACRON SPACERS
THERMAL AND
MICROMETEOROID
LAYERS
HH NYLON INNER MICROr,,'tn OROID
STOPPER LAYERS
!EACH 6. 8 OZ/YD2 WH IT[ I USE: WEAR
ANO MICR0~,1£TEO ROI D PRO TE CT ION
PRESSURE AND
RESTRAINT
LAYERS
r----­
COTTON CONSTANT "[AR
~Ng~~;:r~~m
OXFORD NYLOt-i
COf.JORT LAY.R
11 oz,vo 2 swu
PRCSSURE LAYER
NEOPRE~E COATEO NYLON
11-1·2ozvo21
RESTRAINT lAVlR
UM( NH DACRON
Al.;Q HflO~
u-J 4 oz vo 21
FIG. 4
6/1/65
Page 4

M-913-65-04
a.
Leakage
b.
Proof pressure
c.
02 compatibility
d.
Ejection envelope
e.
Cold temperature
f.
Rapid decompression
g.
Life cycling
h.
Visor testing
Should the 25-foot long tether fail in some manner, the pilot will be carrying
a chestpack that has been compatibility qualified with the G4C suit and con­
sists principally of an emergency oxygen bottle with automatic valving.
It should be emphasized that both the primary and backup flight crews have
undergone 40 minutes cabin depressurization with the hatches open at a
simulated altitude of 150,000 feet in the chambers at McDonnell, St. Louis
during which time they practiced opening and closing the hatches, taking
pictures, and other actions that will take place during EVA.
The extravehicular maneuvering will be accomplished using a zero g Integral
Propulsion (ZIP) Unit as shown in Figure 5.
This device is handheld and
accomplishes propulsion by jetting oxygen out through a single forward firing
nozzle and two aft firing nozzles as selected and aimed by the operator.
It
includes a camera mounted for convenient extravehicular photography.
FIG. 5
6/1/65
Page 5

Mission Operation Report
No. M-913-65-04
MEMORANDUM
May 24, 1965
To
A/Administrator
From
M/Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight
Subject:
Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4)
GT-4, the fourth in a series of twelve planned Gemini flights is scheduled to
be launched from Complex 19 at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on or after
3 June 1965.
This wi 11 be the second manned Gemini mission and the longest
ever attempted by a two-man crew.
The purpose of the mission is to further
demonstrate manned space flight for a period of four days.
The nominal launch time is 10 a.m. EDT (1400 GMT).
The space vehicle is
to be launched on an azimuth of 72 degrees and the spacecraft wi 11 be inserted
into an initial orbit of 87-161 N.M. at an orbital inclination of 32.5 degrees.
The 62 revolution mission will have a duration of approximately 97 hours and 50
minutes.
The primary and backup flight crews are of the "new generation, 11 being
members of the second group of astronauts.
James A. McDivitt will be the
command pilot and Edward H. White, II will be the pilot.
Because the duration
of the flight is one of the most significant aspects of their mission, the post-
flight activities will involve expanded medical evaluation as compared with
previous missions, including at least 24 hours aboard the recovery aircraft carrier,
the USS WASP.
After conducting various orbital maneuvers and the thirteen experiments during the
four-day mission, the spacecraft wi 11 reenter and touchdown approximately 400
miles southwest of Bermuda for a water landing and carrier retrieval.
Enclosure
MOR Noo M-913-65-04
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Report No. M-913-65-04
MISSION OPERATION REPORT
GEMINI FLIGHT NUMBER FOUR
(GT-4)
OFFICE
OF MANNED
SPACE FLIGHT
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOREWORD
MISSION OPERATION REPORTS are published expressly for the
use of NASA General Management as required by the Administra­
tor in NASA Instruction 6-2-10 dated August 15, 1963 . The pur­
pose of these reports is to provide NASA General Management with
timely, complete and definitive information on flight mission plans
and results from launchings with Scout class or larger vehicles.
Initial reports are to be prepared and issued for each flight project
just prior to launch. Following launch, updating reports for each
mission will be issued to keep General Management currently in­
formed as provided in NASA Instruction 6-2-10.
Distribution of these reports has been specifically directed by Gen­
eral Management and they are not available for additional or general
distribution . The Office of Pub I ic Affairs pub I ishes a comprehensive
series of pre-launch and post-launch reports on NASA flight missions
which are available for general distribution.
Pub I ishec and Distributed
by
OFFICE OF PROGRAM REPORTS
OFFICE OF PROGRAMMING
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D. C. 20546

Rtndczvous guidance
& recovery system ____
_,
11 Ft
8 Ft
Separation point
Oxidizer tank
•Equipment bay
27 Ft
Stage 11 engine
thrust chamber
108 Ft
10 Ft
Oxidizer
tank
Stage I engine
g1mbal point
•Equipment bay contains:
• Batteries·
• Malfunction detection system IMOSI units
• Range safety command control system
• Programmer
• Three-axis reference system !TARSI
• Radio guidance system IRGSI
• Autopilot
• Instrumentation and telemetry system
FIG.
5/24/65
M-913-65-04
GENERAL
Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4) is the second
manned orbital flight in the Gemini Program and
the fourth flight in a series of twelve planned to
develop long-duration and rendezvous capability,
docking techniques, extra-vehicular activities,
and controlled reentry. The first three Gemini
flights demonstrated: orbital insertion capability;
spacecraft structural integrity; and spacecraft
systems performance and crew accommodation
qualities, respectively. This GT-4 mission is
intended to further demonstrate manned space
flight for a period of four days, the longest
ever flown by two astronauts. The space vehicle
is depicted in Figure 1.
MISSION OBJECTIVES
PRIMARY
•
Demonstrate and evaluate the performance of
the Gemini spacecraft systems for a period
exceeding four days.
•
Evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure
to the space environment on the two-man
flight crew in preparation for missions of
longer duration.
SECONDARY
•
Demonstrate OAMS capability to perform retro fire
backup.
•
Demonstrate the capability of the spacecraft and
flight crew to make significant in-plane and
out-of-plane maneuvers.
•
Conduct further evaluation of spacecraft
systems as outlined below:
1.
Structure and thermo I protection
2. Environmental Control Systems (ECS)
3. Crew stations
4. Guidance and Control System
5. Orbital Attitude and Maneuver System
(OAMS)
•
Execute the fol I owing experiments:
•
D-1, Basic Object Photography
•
D-6, Surface Photography
•
D-8, Radiation in Spacecraft
•
D-9, Simple Navigation
•
M-3, In-Flight Exercises
•
M-4, In-Flight Phonocardiogram
•
M-6, Bone Demineralization
•
MSC-1, Electrostatic Charge
Page 1

M-913-65-04
•
MSC-2, Proton Electron Spectrometer
•
MSC-3, Tri-Axis Magnetometer
•
MSC-10, Two-Color Earth's Limb Photos
•
S-5, Synoptic Terrain Photography
•
S-6, Synoptic Weather Photography
UNUSUAL TASKS OF THIS MISSION
One of the interesting tasks of this mission is the duration of the flight.
It
will be the longest ever to be conducted by a two-man crew.
Another highly
interesting item is that control of the mission for the first time wil I be from the
Mission Control Center (MCC) Houston.
Some elements of the Mission Control
Center at Cape Kennedy and the GSFC computing facility will be standing by as
a backup during the launch phase.
The computing facilities at GSFC will also be
used as a backup to MCC-Houston during the orbital phase.
Flight controllers will
man the MCC in three shifts to give complete round-the-clock coverage of the four­
day mission.
Crew control of reentry will be ac~omplished by tracking the roll
needle rather than nulling the down-range and cross-range needles as on GT-3.
The experiments will, of course, contribute much information for the scientific
and medical communities.
The G4C suit which replaces the G3C suit used on
GT-3 has the fol lowing new features: a triple overvisor, a redundant pressure
closure seal (zipper), and thermal and meteoroid protection integrated in the
outer cover layer.
Abort procedures to be utilized by the astronauts in the
unlikely event it becomes necessary for them to terminate. a mission before orbital
insertion are different from those used in the Mercury program.
In that program,
the fireball that would have been created had a conflagration occurred on the pad,
would have been large enough to
ABORT PROCEDURES
engulf an ejecting astronaut, so
it was necessary to add an escape
rocket to I ift the entire spacecraft
free of the area.
The GLV, on
the other hand, uses self-igniting
fuels which, upon mixing, create a
fi reba II sma II enough so that the
astronauts can eject from the
spacecraft in much the same man­
ner as is done in today's high
performance jet aircraft.
This
is called the Mode I abort pro­
cedure.
The three abort modes
are more fully defined by the
altitude and elapsed time-after­
launch parameters depicted on
Figure 2.
FIG . 2
MOOE I - EJECT AfTEll SHUTDOWN
MOOE ll - SALVO RETROS AFTER SHUTDOWN
MODE ID - SHUTDOWN, SE PARATE, TURN AROUND,
RETROFIRE
-□~
OEIAYEO
MOOE
n
(WA IT 5
SECS )
15,000FT. _ _ ____.____~--'<-+--~-
' ~'
MOOE
I
50
SECONDS
SEA LEVEL-----------''----L--'--
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M-931-65-04
LAUNCH VEHICLE DESCRIPTION
The Gemini Launch Vehicle (GLV) has been modified by man-roting an Air Force
Titan II missile. The GLV has two stages, the first 71 feet long and the second 18
feet long; both stages have a diameter of 10 feet. The gross loaded weight of the
two stages is 337,521 pounds and they both burn storable hypergolic (self-igniting
upon mixture) propellants. First stage thrust is approximately 430,000 pounds at sea
level. Second stage thrust is approximately 100,000 pounds. The various systems of
the GLV have been detailed in previous Gemini MOR 1s and what follows is additional
information concerning modifications made to GLV-4. The fuel dampener and oxidizer
standpipe used to suppress longitudinal oscillations have been redesigned. Butt welding
vice lapped joints have been utilized on the fuel tank conduits to eliminate minute
cracks. Malfunction Detection System circuitry has been redesigned to provide separate
indications of the subassembly thrust level and additional insulation has been applied to
provide increased fire protection. Sixteen T/M readout points have been removed
from the GLV because they are no longer required and one range safety circuit has
been added to the destruct system interlocking AGE and the GLV motor driven switch
control. This circuit will prevent switch cycling in the event that both set and reset
signals are inadvertently applied during checkout.
TABLE I
PROJECT
COST
(In Millions)
FY 62
FY 63
FY 64
FY 65
FY 66
FY 67
Total
Spacecraft
30.3
205. 1
280.5
165.3
122.7
19. 1
823.0
Launch Vehicle
24.4
79. 1
122.7
115.4
88.6
8.5
438.7
Operational
Support
0 1
4.9
15. 7
27.7
30.8
13.0
92.2
Total RD & 0
54.8
289. 1
418.9
308.4
242. 1
40.6
1353.9
This level of funding will provide for twelve Gemini Launch Vehicles, twelve space­
craft, seven Agena Target Vehicles, six Atlas booster missiles and the operational costs
of flight testing and the associated Ground Support Equipment.
SPACECRAFT
The spacecraft is 18. 75 feet long and its two sections, a reentry module and an adapter
section will weigh 7799 lbs. fully loaded with the astronauts onboard. The configuration
will be the same as was flown on GT-3 except for the following: minor changes have
been made to switch positions and nomenclature, three additional (total of six) adapter
5/24/65
Page 3

M-913-65-04
batteries will be required, radial thrusting TCA's and burst diaphragms in the 11 811
package that were removed for GT-3 are both installed on GT-4, and will act
through the Spacecraft Centers of Gravity.
An HF antenna has been added to the
adapter section for orbital use and the
HF transciever there has been removed.
The C-band phase shifter now has its own inverter, the recovery flashing light
can now be turned off during dayIight hours, the HF antenna on the cabin section
has been redesigned, and the adapter $-band transponder in the adapter section has
been replaced with a C-band transponder which will have a different pulse spacing
from the one in the spacecraft.
In the GT-4 mission S/C, urine wi 11 be dumped
directly overboard from the urine bellows through a shut-off and selector valve, a
solenoid valve and a heated line.
Redundancy is provided by the capability to
dump urine through the launch cooling heat exchanger (water boiler}.
The main
chute disconnect cartridge has been changed from a 22-second time delay to a
zero second delay and new long-life attitude thrusters have been installed.
EXPERIMENTS
The 13 experiments are depicted and described on the following pages:
1. D-1, Basic Object Photography
In conducting this experiment, the as­
tronauts will employ elaborate photo­
optical equipment to investigate the
technical problems associated with
observing, evaluating, and photo­
graphing objects in space.
These
objects include the 2nd stage of
the launch vehicle and natural
celestial bodies such as the moon.
Data from this experiment will be
used to evaluate the astronauts'
ability to view and track objects,
and to maintain object-camera
orientation by maneuvering the
spacecraft. Equipment which wi 11
be used is illustrated in Figure 3.
D-1 BASIC OBJECT
PHOTOGRAPHY
FIG. 3
5/24/65
Page 4

2.
D-6, Surface Photography
This experiment wi 11 investigate
the technical problems associated
with an astronaut's ability to
acquire, track, and photograph
terrestrial objects from a space­
craft with more elaborate photo­
opti ca I equipment than that used
previously. The astronaut will
photograph selected series of
objects during day-side and
night-side intervals of the flight
using specified Iens-fi Im combi­
nations. The resulting data wi 11
be used to eva Iuate the astronaut's
ability to maintain object-camera
orientation by maneuvering the
spacecraft. Figure 4 shows the
camera mount installed on the
spacecraft window.
3.
D-8, Radiation in Spacecraft
Data from this experiment will be
used to supplement external radi­
ation measurements in studying
the dose levels within the space­
craft resulting from passes through
regions of varying radiation
intensity.
Two tissue-equivalent,
current-mode ionization chambers
wi 11 be used to measure the
variation of absorbed dose-rate
inside the spacecraft.
Five
small packets containing radia­
tion detection and measurement
devices will be placed at
various locations in the cabin
to ascertain their suitability as
convenient dosimeters of space
radiation and measure total
accumulated dose. Figure 5 shows
some of the equipment to be used
for this experiment.
M-913-65-04
0-6 SURFACE PHOTOGRAPHY
FIG. 4
D-8 RADIATION IN SPACECRAFT
(PORTABLE UNIT)
FIG. 5
5/24/65
Page 5

the manner in which this exercise
wi 11 be performed.
5/24/65
Page 6
FIG. 7
4.
D-9, Simple Navigation
This experiment is designed to
develop and test navigation pro­
cedures which employ a simple
stadimetric device and a sextant
to make sightings and measurements
in space using the horizon and
stars as references. Data from
sightings wi 11 be used in compu­
tations to determine orbital
parameters. These results wi 11
be compared with actual
parameters to determine the
accuracy of the procedures.
The hand held sextant to be used
is shown in Figure 6.
5.
M-3, In-Flight Exerciser
The purpose of this experiment is
to assess the astronauts' capacity
to perform physi ca I work under
spacecraft conditions. Monitored
exercise wil I be performed by the
astronauts prior to the flight to
establish control data. l·sotonic
exercises employing a bungee
cord and involving the arms and
legs wi 11 be taken prior to and
a.fter exercising. Pulse rate wil I
be monitored continuously. The
inflight data obtained wil I be
compared with the control data
to determine the· capacity for
work in space. Figure 7 shows
M-913-65-04
0-9 SIMPLE NAVIGATION
HAND HELD SPACE SEXTANT
MG5-8097
FIG. 6
M-3 IN-FLIGHT
EXERCISER

6.
M-4, In-Flight Phonocardiogram
The purpose of this experiment is
to measure the fatigue-stage of an
astronaut's heart muscle during a
long-duration flight. A microphone
wi ll be applied to an astronaut's
chest wal I at the cardiac apex.
Heart sounds detected during the
flight will be recorded on an on­
board biomedical recorder. The
sound trace wi 11 be compared to
the waveform obtained from a
simultaneous infl ight electro­
cardiogram to determine the time
interval between electrical
activation of the heart muscle
and the onset of ventricular
systrole.
Figure 8 illustrates the
method of installation of the phono­
cardiogram transducer.
7.
M-6, Bone Demineralization
The purpose of this experiment
is to establish the occurrence
and degree of bone demi nera Ii­
zati on resulting from prolonged
weightlessness during spaceflight.
Spec ia I X-rays wi 11 be ta ken of
an astronaut's heel bone and the
terminal bone of the fifth digit
of the right hand.
Three pre­
flight and three postflight
exposures wi 11 be taken of these
two bones and compared to
determine if any bone deminerali­
zation has occurred due to the
space flight. Figure 9 i 11 ustrates
the laboratory procedure which will
be used for this experiment.
M-913-65-04
M-4 IN-FLIGHT
PHONOCARDIOGRAM
PROTOTYPE PHONOCARDIOGRAM
TRANSDUCER AND
SIGNAL CONDITIONER
FIG . 8
GEMINI EXPERIMENT NO. M·&
BONE DEMINERALIZATION
ESTABLISH DEGREE
PURPOSE
OF BONE
DETERIORATION
EQUIPMENT STANDARD X-RAY
WEIGHT
N/ A VOLUME N/ A
PRE AND POST
PROCEDURE
FLIGHT x-RAY
LOCATION
N/ A
i
"
'
MG4-1886
FIG. 9
5/24/65
Page 7

8.
MSC-1, Electrostatic Charge
Before rendezvous missions are
attempted, an investigation
must be made of the possibility
of inadvertent ignition of
pyrotechnics and other detri­
menta I effects due to discharge
of electrostatic charge potentials
during rendezvous.
In this
experiment, an electrostatic­
potential meter, which protrudes
through the wa 11 of the space­
craft adapter assembly, wi 11 be
used to detect and measure any
accumulated electrostatic charge
that may be created on the
surface of the spacecraft by
ionization from engine exhaust.
This dota wi 11 be a no Iyzed to
determine if the charge is adequate
to create a rendezvous hazard. Fig­
ure 10 shows the detector instal lotion.
9.
MSC-2, Proton Electron
Spectrometer
This experiment is designed to
measure the quantity and energy
of protons and electrons present
immediately exterior to the
orbiting spacecraft.
This wil I be
accomplished by means of a
scintillating-crystal, charged­
particle analyzer mounted on
the adapter assembly of the
spacecraft.
Data from this
experiment wil I be used to
correlate radiation measure­
ments made inside the space­
craft and to predict radiation
levels on future space missions.
The proton electron spectrometer
instal lotion is shown in Figure 11 .
MSC-1
ELECTROSTATIC
CHARGE
FIG. 10
M-913-65-04
MSC-2
PROTON
ELECTRON
SPECTROMETER
FIG. 11
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Page 8

M-913-65-04
10. MSC-3, Tri-Axis Magnetometer
In this experiment, the
direction and magnitude
of the earth's magnetic
field with respect to the
spacecraft will be measured.
A tri-axis fluxgate magneto­
meter,
mounted in the adapter
assembly of the spacecraft wi 11
be used.
The equipment instal lo­
tion is shown in Figure 12.
-
11. MSC-10, Two-Color Earth's
Limb Photos
The astronaut wil I obtain photo­
graphs of the earth's limb using
a hand-held camera, black and
white film, and a special filter
mosaic which will allow each
picture to be taken partly
through a red filter and partly
through a blue filter.
After
the flight, the negative will
be subjected to careful measure­
ments, and the resulting data
will be used in statistical
analyses to evaluate the limb
radiance.
These studies will
be used to determine if the
sun-lit earth's limit can be
reliably observed in the short­
visible or near-ultraviolet spectral
region. The camera to be used for
this experiment is shown in Figure 13.
MSC-3 TRI-AXIS
MAGNETOMETER
MSC-10 TWO-COLOR
EARTH'S LIMB PHOTOS
MG5·8105
FIG. 13
FIG. 12
5/24/65
Page 9

12. S-5, Synoptic Terrain
Photography
The objective of this experi­
ment is to obtain high quality
photographs of selected parts
of the earth's surface.
The
spa1.,c:craft will be manually
oriented from an orbit mode
attitude to a moderately high
camera depression angle attitude.
After a series of photographs
has been taken, the spacecraft
will be reoriented to the orbit
mode attitude.
Four spacecraft
orientation maneuvers will be
required during which approxi­
mately 40 pictures will be
taken over areas of the
United States. Figure 14 shows
one of the photos taken by Gordon
Cooper which is similar to the
terrain photographs planned .
13. S-6, Synoptic Weather
Photography
The objective of this experi­
ment is to learn more about
the earth's weather systems by
obtaining high quality photo­
graphs of selected cloud for­
mations.
As in experiment
S-5, the spacecraft will be
oriented from an orbit mode
attitude to a moderately high
camera depression angle attitude.
After a series of photographs
has been taken, the spacecraft
wi 11 be reoriented to the orbit
mode attitude.
Approximately
10 orientation maneuvers will
be required during which
approximately 40 pictures will
be taken. The photograph shown
in Figure 15 taken by Gordon
Cooper is similar to those planned
on this flight.
5/24/65
M-913-65-04
GEMINI DPEltllfNT NO. S.5
SYNOPTIC TERRAIN PHOTOGRAPHY
,.,.
.:t
PURPOSE
OITAIN HIGH QUALITY PHOTOGIAPHS
Of THI EARTH'SSUlfACf
EQUIPMENT 70MM CAMERA AND fllM
WEIGHT I LI.
VOlUMI 0.036 CU. n.
PROCEDURE POSITION sm1mn, TAIi
PICTURES
LOCATION
PRISSURIZID CAIIN
PMOTOGUIH Of THI HIIAlAUS IN THI NIDIA, IIIPAl, 11111 IOROII AHA, THIN IT ASTRONAUT
l. GOIDON C00,11, JI., DUIING HIS 22-01111 IA-f IIISSION.
MC4· 1768
FIG. 14
GOIN OPIIIIINT NO. S-6
SYNOPTIC WEATHER PHOTOGRAPHY
PURPOSE
OITAIN HIGH QUALITY aoue
PHOTOGIAPHS
EQUIPMENT 10 11 CAMDA Me ,u
WEIGHT
I LI.
YOlUMl
0.036 cu. n.
PROCEDURE POSITION SPACKWT Me TAIi
PNOTOGIAPIIS
lOCATION PIISSUIIZED WIN
PIIOIOGUPH Of ClOUDS AND lffl IUIIIA 11S1 COAi!. WIST Of UNOOII. TWI 1Y
ASIIOIIAUI l. IOIDOII COOPII, ll, DU- HIS 22-11 IA•t IIISSIOII.
MC4· I767
FIG. 15
Page 10

M-913-65-04
ASTRONAUTS
The Command Pilot for the GT-4 mission will be James A. McDivitt and the Pilot
will be Edward H. White, II. The backup flight crew will consist of Frank Borman
as Command Pilot and James A. Lovell, Jr., as Pilot. Their pictures and biographies
follow:
FIG. 16
FIG. 17
JAMES A. MCDIVITT
Born in Chicago, Illinois on June 10, 1929. He graduated first in his class from the
University of Michigan with a B. S. in aeronautical engineering. McDivitt is ma rried
to the former Patricia A. Hass of Cleveland, Ohio and has three children. McDivitt
joined the Air Force in 1951 and is an Air Force Major. He was awarded three
Distinguished Flying Crosses, five Air Medals and the Choo Moo Medal from South
Korea. He is a graduate of the United States Air Force Experimental Test Pilot
School and the United States Air Force Aerospace Research pilot course. He served
at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as an experimental test pilot. McDivitt has
logged more than 3,000 hours flying time, including 2,500 hours in jet aircraft.
McDivitt was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962. In addition to
participating in the overal I astronaut training program he has had additional specialized
duties. These duties include monitoring the design and development of the guidance
and navigation systems for the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft, as wel I as monitoring
the overall Apollo Command and Service Modules.
EDWARD H. WHITE II
Born in San Antonio, Texas, on November 14, 1930. White received his B.S. from
the United States Military Academy and his M.S. in aeronautical engineering from
5/24/65
Page 11

M-913-65-04
I
'
the University of Michigan. He is married to the former Patricia E. Finegan of
Washington, D.C. and has two children. White, an Air Force Major, received
flight training in Florida and Texas, following his graduation from West Point.
He attended the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base,
California, in 1959.
White was later assigned to Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, Ohio, as an experimental test pilot with the Aeronautical Systems
Division.
In this assignment he made flight tests for research and weapons
systems development, wrote technical engineering reports, and made recommen­
dations for improvement in aircraft design and construction.
He has logged more
than 3,600 hours flying time, including more than 2,200 hours in jet aircraft.
White was named as a member of the astronaut team selected by NASA in
September 1962.
FRANK BORMAN
Born in Gary, Indiana on March 14, 1928. He re­
ceived his B.S. from the United States Military Academy
and his M.S. in aeronautical engineering from the
California Institute of Technology. He is married to
the former Susan Bugbee of Tucson, Arizona and has
two sons.
Upon graduation from West Point, Borman, now an Air
Force Major, chose an Air Force career and received
his pilot training at Williams Air Force Base, California
From 1951 to 1956 he served with fighter squadrons in
the United States and in the Philippines and was an
instructor of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics at
the U.S. Military Academy, West Point. He was
graduated from the USAF Aerospace Research Pilots
School in 1960 and later served there as an instructor.
In this capacity he prepared and delivered academic
lectures and simulator briefings, and flight test brief­
ings on the theory and practice of spacecraft testing.
Borman has logged more than 4,400 hours flying time,
including more than 3,600 hours in jet aircraft.
Borman was one of the nine astronauts named by NASA
in September l 962.
JAMES A. LOVELL, JR.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 25, 1928. He
received his B. S. from the United States Naval
Academy. Lovell is married to the former Merilyn
Gerlach of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and has three
children.
Love I I, a Navy Lieutenant Commander, received
flight training following his graduation from
Annapolis. He served in a number of Naval
5/24/65
Page
12
FIG. 18
FIG. 19

••
-
M-913-65-04
aviator assignments including a three year tour as a test pilot at the Naval Air
Test Center at Patuxent River, Maryland.
His duties there included service as
program manager for the F4H Weapon System Evaluation.
Lovell was graduated
from the Aviation Safety School of the University of Southern California.
He
served as flight instructor and safety officer with Fighter Squadron 101 at the
Naval Air Station at Oceana, Virginia.
Lovell has logged 3,000 hours flying
time, including more than 2,000 hours in jet aircraft.
Love II was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962.
In addition to
participating in the overal I astronaut training program, he has been assigned
special duties.
These duties included monitoring design and development of
recovery and crew life support systems.
These include space suits, environmental
control system and developing techniques for lunar and earth landings and recovery.
The launch trajectory
for the GT-4 mission
wi 11 be similar to that
flown by GT-3. ln­
sertion wi 11 be at the same
altitude, 87 miles, but
the first apogee of GT-4
will be 161 miles. The
Gemini launch sequence
is shown in Figure 20.
FLIGHT PLAN
In addition to the various
orbi ta I maneuvers to be
performed during the mis­
sion, as ca Iled out in
Table II, other activities
will be taking place as
is shown below in Table
111, a summarization of
the Flight Plan.
The
consumable items loaded
onboard the spacecraft
are shown in Table IV.
TRAJECTORY
811Ul
MODE 111: SHUTDOWN
j •SEPARATE SIC
5:10 CHANGE -·-·-
•RETRO &REBffllY
A200.m
ABORT MOOl
SEflllNCE
L
2:48 START
11:SHUTDOWN
T
RADIO GUIDANCE j.SALVO RETROS
.
1:40 CHANG
ABORT MOOE
1:19 MAX Q
2:34 BECO
~.ET11SON RETRO
I
5.5G·s
•=SEOllll:E
TU 75,000'
1·­
~ 42.000'
IIElAYEO AQIE U:SfUTOOWN
•WAIT 5SECONDS
25.000'
•SALVO RETim
•JETTISON RmO
SECTIII
0:50 CHANGE ABORT····-···-·
15.000'
•I.AIIN SBIIIIG
MODE
Q:23 START PITCH
2500'
Q:20 STOP ROLL 012•
l:EJECT
2000·
~l
Q:10 START ROLL oas·
:OO LIFT OFF-- ... - _______...
0
50
•
RANG -NAUTICAL MIES ­
FIG. 20
•
5/24/65
Page 13

MANEUVER
HP/HA
TRANSLA­
~v
AFTER
POINT OF
DIRECTION TIONAL
MANEUVERS
APPLICATION
OF THRUST THRUSTER
PURPOSE
Separation
l0FPS
87/161 N.M.
SECO+2­
FWD
AFT
S/ C-Booster Separation
1
?FPS
91/161 N.M.
2d Apogee
FWD
FWD
Adjust lifetime {for insertion dispersions.
Evaluate thruster operation.
2A
12FPS
Apogee of
FWD
Left
Ad just Iifetime. Evaluate thruster operation .
30th Rev.
+TSC #1
Approx. 15 min
Left
Right
5FPS
Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual
after 2A
characteristics of thruster plume .
TSC #2
5FPS
5 min. after
Down
Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual
Up
TSC #1
characteristics of thruster plume.
TSC #3
5 min after
5FPS
Down
Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual
Up
TSC #2
characteristics of thruster plume.
27FPS
94/ 134 N.M.
Perigee
AFT
Adjust lifetime. Evaluate 3-axis
fol lowing 2A
28
AFT
application.
4FPS
3A
Apogee of
FWD
FWD
Adjust Iifetime. Evaluate thruster operation.
45th Rev .
6FPS
93/ 124 N.M.
Perigee
AFT
FWD
Adjust lifetime. Evaluate thruster operation.
following
3B
1 l0FPS
62d Rev.
4
45/99
AFT
AFT
Achieve OAMS retrofire. Evaluate thruster
(45/97)*
{or 66th Rev. )*
operation.
s::
-b
(,J
I
0,
I °'
*FOR PACIFIC LANDING
~
+TRANSLATIONAL SYSTEM CHECK

M-913-65-04
TABLE Ill
IN-FLIGHT ACTIVITIES
Time
Revolution
HRS:MIN
No.
0:12
1
1:45
2
4:35
3-4
7:45
5-6
11:15
7-8
13:05
9
17:05
11
19:52
13-14
24:00
16
25:58
17-18
29:25
19
31 :20
20
31 :40
21
33:20
22
43:00
28
44:25
29
46:48
30
47:33
31
52:30
33-34
54:35
35
56:35
36-37
41
70:26
46
76:30
49
77:20
50
90:45
58
95:45
61
96-35
62
97:32
97:46
63
5/24/65
EVENT
Insertion Check I ist
D-9 Experiment
Translation Maneuver
D-6 Experiment
MSC-1,2,3, and 10 Experiments
M-3 Experiment
MSC-2 and 3 Experiments
D-8 Experiment
D-9 Experiment
D-1 Experiment
M-3 Experiment
S-5 Experiment
HF Communication Tests
D-9 Experiment
S-6 Experiment
MSC-2 & # Experiments
D-8 Experiment
D-8 Experiment
S-6 Exoeriment
S-6 Experiment
S-5 Experiment
S-6 Experiment
M-3 Experiment
MSC-1 Experiment
Translation Maneuvers
Translation Maneuvers
Thruster Failure Check
Power Down S/C
S-5 Experiment
S-6 Experiment
M-3 Experiment
D-9 Experiment
MSC-2 & 3 Experiments
S-6 Experiment
D-9 Exoeriment
Translation Maneuvers
M-3 Experiment
Apollo Yaw Orientation
Power Down S/ C
M-3 Experiment
D-9 Exoeriment
Power Down S/ C
M-3 Experiment
Pre Retro Checklist, TR-5 Minutes
Checklist, TR-1 Minute Checklist
Retrofire, Retro Jettison, Post-Retro
Checklist
Reentry, Drogue Chute Deploy, Pilot
Chute Deploy, Main Chute Deploy,
Two-Point Suspension, Touchdown,
Post-Landing Checklist
Page 15
Function
CP
p
Dav
Niaht
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
:.<.
X
X
X
X
)(
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
)(
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

M-913-65-03
TABLE IV
GT-4 CONSUMABLE LOADINGS
ITEM
QUANTITY
REMARKS
Batteries
OAMS Propel I ants
Odixizer
Fuel
Oxygen
Primary
Secondary
Lithium Hydroxide
Food
Drinking Water
Spacecraft
Adapter
RCS Propellants
O xidizer
Fuel
703 I bs. based
on a 2400 A-h
246 lbs
164 lbs
52 lbs
13 lbs
97 lbs
lb lbs
14 lbs
61 lbs
40. 4 lbs
3l.61bs
Each battery has a
400 A-h capacity
Egress bottle are also
carried if ejection is
required.
LANDING SEQUENCE
At the end of the mission, the parachute
landing sequence shown in Figure 21 will
be employed. One item that should be
mentioned in this regard is that should the
84-foot main parachute fail to open, the
crew can abandon the spacecraft by eject­
ing and using their personal parachutes to
effect a safe water landing. The latter
sequence would also be employed should
the spacecraft come in overland instead of
the intended water landing.
FIG. 21
GEMINI PARACHUTE LANDING SEQUENCE
50,000 FEET
-
HIGH ALTITUDE
DROGUE CHUTE
DEPLOYED
\
21 , 000 FEET
-
Oft:N CABIN VfNT
t
VALVE
10, 600 FEET
-
PILOT PARA.CHUTE
DEPLOYED
9,600 FEET
-
It A It SECTION
SEPARAT ION
9,000 FEET
-
MAINCHUTE
DEPLOYMENT
!'
6,700 FEET
-
TWO-POINT
SUSPENSION
1,500 FEET
-
CABIN WA.Tflt
SEAL CLOSED
1_
SEA LEVEL
-
TOUCHDOWN
~~- JffilSONCHUTf
~
­
5/ 24/65
Page 16

M-913-65-03
MISSION MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY
The Gemini Program is managed by the Gemini Program Director who exercises his
direction through the Project Manager at the Manned Spacecraft Center. The direc­
tion of a specific mission is accomplished by a Mission Director acting under the
cognizance of the Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight from the time a
space vehicle is committed to flight test until the end of the Mission Period.
TITLE
Program Director (Acting)
Deputy Program Director
Program Manager
Mission Director
TRACKING & DATA
ACQUISITION
MSC
GSFC
ETR
Staff
Gemini Flight
Ops Rep
Requirements
Coordinator
Security
Officer
Meteorologica l.
Group
NAME
Dr. G . E. Mueller
Mr. W.C. Schneider
Mr. C. W. Mathews
Mr. C.C. Kraft
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
NASA HEADQUARTERS
Office of Manned Space Fliqht
I
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Manned Soacecraft Center
I
SPACECRAFT
MSC
McDonnell Aircraft Co.
OPERATIONS ORGAN IZATION FOR MISS ION PERIOD
ORGANIZATION
NASA Headquarters
NASA Headquarters
MSC
MSC
LAUNCH VEHICLE
MSC
SSD
Aerospace Corporation
Martin Company
Aerojet General
DOD Mgr for
MISSION DIRECTOR
MS F Support
...___--.-_____,----- ----~ Operations
Gemini
Program
Manager
Deputy for
Flight
Operati ons
DO D
Recovery
Director
Atlas/ Agena
Medical
Publ ic
Fl ight
Crew
5/24/65
Launch
Director
Affa irs
Director
Director
Director
----------------------------------
Page 17
Flight
Crew
Medical
Monitor

M-913-65-04
TRACKING AND DATA ACQUISITION
The ground support network for GT-4 wi 11 be the Gemini Manned Space Flight
Network (MSFN) illustrated in Figure 22 and tabulated in Table V.
There will
be, however, some mi nor modifications to the MSFN for the GT-4 mission.
These changes for the GT-4 fl ight are prima rily in locating the range tracking
ships in positions most advantageous fo r the orbits to be flown .
TABLE V - NETWORK REQ UIREMENTS FOR GT-4
Network
Ra dar
G round Station Code
C
Band
Merritt Island
MILA
X
Cope Ken nedy/ CNV/
M iss ion Contro l MCC
Patrick AFB
PAFB
X
lr.:.""d Bahamas G BI
X
Grand Turk
GTI
X
IAntiouo
ANT
X
Ascension Island ASC
X
Valkario Fla.
VA L
Eleuthera Island ELU
Bermuda
BDA
X
Conarv Is land
CYI
X
Kono N iae rio
KNO
Tananarive
TAN
Cornarvon
CRO
X
Canton Is land
CTN
Hawaii
HAW
X
Guovmos Mex. GYM
Corous Christi
TEX
Rose Knot Victor RKV
Coasta l Se ntrv
CSQ
Ranae Tracker
RTK
X
Pt ArQuello, Cal CAL
X
White Sa nd~ NM WHS
X
Ea lin AFB
EG L
X
M SC, Houston
MCC
ITe lemetry Airc raft
(d)
NOTES:
Tracki ng
Telemetry
A/ G
Mistrom Acq. aid G emini launch
Spacec ra ft
Commend
vehi cl e
voi ce
or oth ers as I isted
PCM FM/ FN
Li nks
R/T
D/T
RSDP *
DCS Tone UHF
HF
received
GE-Mod 111 - G X
X
Xa
3
X
X
X
X
X
Xb Xo
3
Xb
X
Xe
Xe
3
Xb
X
X
Xe
Xe
3
Xe
X
X
Xe
X
X
X
3
Xb
X
X
Xe
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
2
Xo
2
Xo
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
2
Xa
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
2
Xo
X
X
X
X
X
X
Xe Xe
Xe Xe
Xe Xe
Xe Xe
Xe Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe .
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
X
X
X
X
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Fli ght
Controller
Manned
Sites
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
a - Record Only
c - Remoted to ond from the MCC
b - Remoted to MCC
d - Three telemetry aircraft in pri mary recovery area
* Remote Site Data Process (RSDP)
The ground network support facilities include the MCC-Houston, Cape Kennedy
(CNV), Air Force Eastern Test Range (AFETR) downrange stations, the MSFN,
and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).
Real time tracking and the acqui­
sition of data for post flight evaluation will be provided by optical and photo­
graphic systems, MISTRAM, GE Mod Ill radar, C-band radar, and the Impact
Predictor OP) 7094.
The network as listed in Table V will monitor spacecraft
and launch vehicle PCM telemetry.
The flight controller-manned stations, as
shown in Table V will display selected spacecraft data for real-time evaluation
and transmit these data to the MCC via teletype.
The MCC will use both the
Digital Command System (DCS) for transmitting commands.
All the remote sites
that are flight controller-manned, except for GYM, will have the DCS command
capability.
Tone commands for use by the Range Safety Officer will be used for
manual fuel cutoff (MFCO), auxiliary second stage cutoff (ASCO), and Destruct.
5/24/65
Page 18

-0
0
(0
(1)
I /
/_
I
\
/
/ l
TH
I \
/J
I
\
P
,I
C
/ I
w
I
0­
<.n
I
0 .i,..
FIG. 22

M-913-65-04
BACKGROUND
Project Gemini is the stepping stone between the comparatively simple one-man
orbital flights of Project Mercury and the complexities involved in the multi-man
lunar flights of Project Apollo.
As such, Gemini's prime reason for being is to
increase knowledge of man's capabilities in space and in developing operational
techniques to support the Apollo Program.
Thus, Gemini's objectives become:
a.
b.
c.
Long-duration flights - up to fourteen
Rendezvous and maneuver in space
Docking with a target vehicle
days
d.
Extra-vehicular activities by the astronauts
e.
Control led reentry
f.
Operational training for al I flight personnel concerned
To accomplish these objectives, a series of flights have been planned of which
this GT-4 is the fourth.
The first three demonstrated respectively:
orbital
insertion capability, spacecraft structural integrity, and crew accommodation
qualities.
The four-day manned flight will further demonstrate manned space
flight capabilities for the support of future missions of even longer duration.
The remaining eight Gemini flights, all of which will be manned by two
astronauts, are tabulated in Table VI ' with type of missson and approximate date
of flight:
Mission No.
GT-5
GTA-6
GT-7
GTA-8
GTA-9
GTA-10
GTA-11
GTA-12
TABLE VI
Mission Objectives
Seven-day flight with experiments*
Radar rendezvous and docking
14-day Extra-vehicular activities
Optical rendezvous and docking
Simultaneous countdown and
rendezvous
Direct rendezvous
Apollo-LEM rendezvous simulation
Apollo-LEM abort simulation
Date
Latter 1965
Early 1966
Early 1966
Early 1966
Mid 1966
Mid 1966
Late 1966
Early 1967
*Includes rendezvous evaluation pod
The planned end-of-the-mission touchdown point is in the Atlantic Ocean approxi­
mately 400 miles southwest of Bermuda as is shown in Figure 23. This is the primary
landing area. The GT-4 mission employs a zone concept for recovery which estab­
lishes four recovery zones: East Atlantic, West Atlantic, West Pacific and Mid­
Pacific. Each zone consists of a circular area with a radius of 240 nautical miles
in which various ships and planes will be stationed. An aircraft carrier will be sta­
tioned only in the primary landing area as ii lustrated in the recovery forces diagram
5/24/65
Page 20

00
M-913-65-04
GT-4 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LANDING ZONES,
RECOVERY SHIP SUPPORT AND CONTINGENCY RESCUE FORCES
\);J
DO
30"
~
00
HICKAM 0
00
00
0 GUAM
O"
~ PRIMARY
l~
RECOVERYAREA
0 PAGO PAGO
8
"
REEm;~ANEA
CVS
CARRI ER
30"
00
OESTROYER
AO
OILER
0
CO NTINGE NCY
RESCUE FORC ES
/)};;
FIG. 23
of Figure 24. Other areas in the world along the ground tracks are called contingency
landing areas. Because these contingency landing areas are world-wide, it has been
necessary to pre-position certain aircraft with their associated crews, pararescuemen,
and paramedics so that they will be able to reach the spacecraft in sufficient time to
render aid to the downed astronauts. These contingency forces have been deployed to
the bases shown in Figure 23 .
It should be noted that there
are numerous types of aircraft
in the launch area and primary
landing area for telemetry,
weather reconnaissance, aerial
photography, and recovery
operations. In addition to
these aircraft there are also
several helicopters in the pri­
mary recovery area from the
aircraft carrier that are carry­
ing swimmers. These swimmers
deploy into the water and
attach an auxiliary flotation
collar to the spacecraft. Launc
area recovery forces are de­
picted in Figure 25.
RECOVERY AREA FORCES
ARS AIRCRAF T
PRIMARY RECOV ERY ZONE
200 MILES BY
USS WASP AND
ONE DESTROYE R
AIRCRAFT
1 USAF SSB RELAY AIRCRAFT
AT TOUCHDOWN POINT
3 WASP HELICOPTERS
1 WASP COMMAND
(480 MILES N DIAM ETER )
LANDING FOOTPRINT
(ELLIPSE -
40 MILES)
~
ARS AIRCRAFT
FIG. 24
5/24/65
Page 21

M-913-65-04
LAUNCH AREA RECOVERY FORCES
2 MINE
USA
M 113
LARK
USMC
\ AMPHIBS
LANDING FOOTPRINT
( 27 MILES LONG)
TANKS
FOUR HELICOPTERS
TWO PHOTO JETS
FIG. 25
5/24/65
Page 22

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EX l 3
ROUTING S L IP
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N A
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INIT I AL
N. G. FOSTER
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w . A . EATON
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FILE -=>
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\..__ ---- fLc..
-

C..y
0~ AFT~NO<#,J Se-w,o~ <Dr
~
f.
9\& b c.,cn: I N-"• ~fl­
l,'-\Jrc,
Belt 11
)'.,; or· ~;omc.;U1j r.r~ .Ulce t! ,r,.t ,Lovt', from looking at t e ai!'.' 0 10vfedge on
Now t he air ~l ow was discovered q1lit
a number o· y ea s ago when it wa s
stud ·cd
.om t e ground the hard way and,
uh
uh, by etometer (?)'
,1.nd l,y ( tri11.nguJ.;.i. t • on) , by tryi ng to determine h ow high i t wa s it was
many yea r n h r oJ"<• on· 1,a<l ::om,1 j< <'>L how ll lg}1 tr,c air 1.i:low really was,
ancl .ir1 a rnorm:11. wv "Wj.ll .lrnl.i1:1d,· l1t)W in u. rrv-.1.l,L<·r-
f
ccr·ond.o Glenn and
-<!
, ,. c..-....it..
~Cu.rp ·nL(·r- wac ·· lil • Lo
<:Lr:r-m i 11C: in u mutter
[" seconds how
jgh
it w:.J,,s .
/\ncl tl1<: r1 lie: d:i.<t v.wu.y w:i.tl, :,0 y :r.1.rs of' hard wor·k.
Aga.in
the e
W"l.ls :L dis,·ov _ry 111a<'l.c
Lh<..:.rc:
hut LJ1c pc,in t WIL~: t;hat in a few ~ - conds from
th .
:L ht vant 11~
poj_ri L ynu cnn d > tl jolJ.
Nuw with tl'ic air glow t hen
.Looki ng 'U/~(' 011
LL so L of
ul1 ,
wt· 'll . . . a band we never mean by
LK't.nd ·t red. l' 1.•f't't:tly tlc~ :i. 1'.ncrl
arnl J.jkc.: i n th· slide or som thing like
tlio.L. . it :;urn l,j IIK::; a Ji t;t;l • J'11z:1.y l,ut t:.l1i s
j s U1c air glow band and this
C rp ·11t r nnd. li_y r·ock. ·t pn.::;~i11r.; L11r-()t.1/'.h the 'L.i.r elow.
TJb
th·I s is t he air
glow
dg
on tl11tL we 1t1~v, _h .ard ttl,rn1t Ut:Ls mot'ni.ng uli it was used i n
er-
com1 rtion vlit}, l:h _ u:,,xtu.n)
X'P'l"imc.mL.; ancl ' O on.
Now 1 just wanted
to 1: i vc y 0 11 ::om(: idcu. ol.' wl 1c-rc; we-
:;l.1t11d. in 'lid/~l1tnes s .
N w
ub, before
~tr.Jwv--~
C.-lc1 111 w-:tn l.n l1;rvc· ,'.onr· ,i!'I' 1rl , 1
tl1v thD1l1'.ht
W' L(.; Lo have him irlt imaJtl some
And NASA head-
And. nil , ull , ,John Glenn
w,1 :~ ; '. i v,·11
1i:; <I ,,v,'r
.-L
111 1.1.,-1,w ,
i 11l.('r· l', ·1 ·,·11cc l'i .1 l.1·1 · ve1·y slrnilar to thls t ype that was
L1 1t· (;;,,xt,u;r.
IJl 1
he ,
I re: ,
11!.; , did not have ve y
much time

Belt l l
2
l,o use it, but l,c
did
uh
have a cha nc
to obs e .,_ve the air glow
-rith the naked eye and he ·aw it edge on and he
alle
it, uh .
name for it a t the mome t and
. a nd really t he first time you se e
a thing l ike that you don ' t know whether it haze or l uminou s sort ; i t
d.oes look hazy .
Uni'or·l.;unal~ ly
t 11 . pr·er;s and other people kept tha t t e rm
•·l si:;t, ,•,)11:,;i••L.in1-~ 01 · dus t. p11:r:-tlc•J(\~_; :i 1ci s o <,n .
ReH-l ly, wbat Glenn saw
wn.
air· p;l w-
tlt:'.t' on :t Jumillou$ l 1t_y·,.,·.
Thex·,· may be :i littl -· d st thee,
l..,.~
may tinv
" omctl 1i Tl/'. to -::.u.y ul>oul: l.t1a t , l,ut, the pr.cdominate feature
is j t ·i.s a ~elf J wninout: 11-y r .
Now, C:.1.r:-:per,Lcr has mar.
time to observe
i.t .
lle took t h
int rfC'r:- nee filt •re• hack up with h j m
and uh , he was
1:,.bl
to tim
a ::; La
pas'"'inf( t h row~li U1c air f~low a s the star was setting
1..1.nd lie n ote
i I_; n.rni t u Tl ·cl :Lt V
y c-nre rull y .
throur;h the air
/'.low the u1)pt:r LI ; low r· and when :it cl .i :;appe1u· :c .
From that careful
LimJ 11e; inJ'ut·ma.Li un ore wt1:~ utile to µ.i n ,town Uie exact time of' the air
1-'.low.
Ro1w:li.ly •)() ldJ.u111eL(•1·.
/\nd Lili s -i.o wl 1:iL took mnn,y many years to
do 1·1 ·,,m Ll 1(' p:ni111 1d l,_y l.1 ·.ir1.rw.1 i.Ju.'\.:I,)11 ( ·:·) w-J1 i <" I, i :~ ver ·y v ' r.y d.iffic:u.lt cau se
you 1t<·vc1 · l<.11ow l11 n, l,u Lnk(· ,·,tr ·
u1 · 1.11111.
Ln1nsml s s.i on W<i.S
o ic;c1·vation.
Uh, we had h ped
J. iglrt 1vl1:i<- il is very diffi ult to see
IH'1J.r-
I.I1c
:;1111 ,
c111 c trtl, yrn1 ,·itn ~;(' (' i t, c,1uy
1.ri 1('TI the s un :is , oh, some

--
C
l:r:lt ll
v/1 • some: L:i.rnr: sec :.;.3tronauts might
l.1c aolc t o sec t hti.t .
UJ i, Coope
was able to see the
. light , and uh ,
White and McDivitt s aw the .. . light, ve ry wel l.
Uh, the let 's see
there ' s another point here ; well, w '11 go ba k t o t hat in a moment.
The
cason I 1,htnk have tt
otl1e.r dcsji.'.ns I~
show what r:Fm be done .
If we
lw.vr: Urne Lu ehow whuL 1·1n1 be don<· lly r~xLem.l.int'. vi s 1..ia1 obscr vt"i.tions we
,,.,:111 do so.
UJ1 , :,om
01 · Ll1 ·s • n. w r :_:u]ts ,
11t1
that McDivitt and White
we re able tu r
or ar v ry . nLc r 'S Ung.
Ul1
f irst of all, t hey saw a
structure in the air gl ow a nd this is the fi rst time this i s
eport ed.
In
one inst ance
a uh, .
i s seen some structure i n the
~i r elow that they 're looking edge on turns (whlte) .... This has never
been obscrv d b fore .
It is ver y hurd to observe t his with a rocket; you
clan 't know when to fire the rocket to do t hat .
They, they observed that.
They obcer-vcd. unothcr intc.;rcct:Lnp, tli·ine; .
They observed mcteo
oi ng into
Lh • 1:,.1r.th ' :: -'Li..mu:..;phcrr: dnwn ·1ic1ow Lb . 111 .
I t .i :; the .first time a mcteo
1::: rcJ,ortccl f"r.um uh ,
uJ1 , npac
l1y l.l!l ,rnL onui1L.
And it. wa
a very pecu­
1.iar .xperjcnc:c l"or· i..11 rn I itru sure: b r·.-1use they saw the things below them
go ng
own .I.nto t.hc ca1 ·t;h ' n utmo::;pltcr(: .
Th_y saw when they were over
/\u t alia) they cuw u.J1
ave
/1.ustru.lin they sn.w (southern) lights uh,
Lli·i.,..
1tg :I. n ir.; L11e l'it·:::I; time J tli inl< Ll1·i s i s reported by astronauts .
. u lo L Ile l. l:c r Lllan I
c 1L1ld.
m1
uh
. and
l.l11..':;,• :i 1· ,
: : wl, l,1 · r1i1-'.l 1L l.i1n,· pl1L't1,,1m·1111.
'rh 1·c ut·c some inte e ting twilight
pl 1c11<>n11'11u. I.I rd, i :~ d •i IT.i 1·1l.l L P ll i.H•rv,'
1· 1·um
oc·kc t s or satel ites and they
(Jh
tllcy fow1d sunrises more

Belt ll
l;.
spectacular than sunsets.
I will try to explain that in a moment if I can.
Uh,
going to go back a moment t o what Cooper J uh, what Schirra
uh, saw during a twilight right after sunset.
He observed) uh, the planet
Mars and he observed at twilight, the sun had just set, a very specta.­
cular array of colas, he describes them very carefully in the report,
in the blue.: book, his 1iJ.ue book, and sumrna.rys blue book too.
Uh, he
d.escr-ibcd a ro.th r :Lnt
est:lng blue hand that ' "' three blue bands;
you r-an
o.11 0chi c a. ' s hlues.
Uh, . .
.
and he's able
is true
to
d.o qu • t
w 11, \./ ith bl1t ~s .
He observe
a da k blue, light blue, and a
dark blu
/\nd t le worc.l "light" i1-i
1:1. d ··_ fi ult word.
When one says
lj gh L on
d.o sn ' l: know whether on
m nns the
lue was a lighter hue or
'j_t W:l:; brig! It J: •
nut1 j t J it 1:ipp '1:1.
~ to be 1:1. iigr1t blue J and. one has
to use these wo tls
or what t hey stand.
Anyway, we uh, from what these
obse vations v re is (reportedly) on to a tape and is
. (debriefing)
and afterwards we are all very consistent.
We had an order to try to
construct this thing.
The first time a ound it needed a little correction
wr1en lkhirra saw 1.t; th
s cond t me around he was somewhat, he was
quit
plca"ell w:i. Llt H .
We di<ln ' t quit - know wl at this thing (band)
was u. t; f irst· ,.,, 'r s Lill not too sure .
Uh, we think it might be
I ook:i 111-~
.
[; j rn le.::;:.; tube 1>c'c:tuse th
. tomorrow is
11:;c·
Ll1<:
:;11.111c
l, ·r:!111.Lquv
J\ r· t.:Lmi.ll1-; :Ls Carpenter Jiad stn.rted.
Uh . we
l,h lrik 11(1:;ci 1,.1.Y-
,m • :I.~-; l111,·c·rvj nt,~ Lil • O:lonisphcrc edge on.
The ozonisphere
, ,. appr·ox·im11.L ·ly
ul1 ,
011 ,
L'r •om 10 t
l'.> kilometers hitsh up to rO, some-
t.!1inr, .L:ik
that .
It (H.·ems to huv
u 11lll.Ximum around 2:> or 20 kil omete s .
1rh,
l1J1
ozone 1i8 you know, is very ve y absorbing in the ultraviolet,

BE.:lt 11
r::
_.I
in ·:wL c·tir11plcLc, ,dJsorl 1;.1.nl; lw·J.ow 3000 !"or s ol;ir radiation c.:oming
'.rlu:, t'C :i.s anoL! 1e r· weak band o
ozone i n the
ed,
y ll(Jw, t:tnd 1~, .c; 1
jn tbc
• l,,,rnd uh, at, uh, dista nce 5000 .
6000
7000 and
i J • ·1iy cl ock I ill
absortion this way
Ur
r1
rt w- D.I< 1r1.om· l,11.nd p1 · ::orr, _(;h :ir1r'. .l .i kc· l;hn./., .
And ·i (; clo :J s 11 tract , tt
\./c · I.J,
1111 ,
L11,:n· i:: PrLly an 1·q, 1i vnlc·1d; oJ' ;2 rnjJirnc-tc1 ·s
tir · )
n1il:iinc ·l,c-r:;
:t l·,mcl~JJl 1er, , !.11:1.I; i:; 01 · 1·(1111 ·~:" ,
l,e:1 ·1.1.11: :c ' ,·,miplc l.1 , (r:orrt,j , 1111.1.t:i on ) o.L' th
sw1­
J :i,g}1 l: .
llow,,vc1 ·, wl 1e:n ,yu1r lo k at l.lrJs c:u.ge c,11 you ' re look:ing throueh
:,o i I. <Loe,:: :11./.,tl-j,c:t out 11 lot uf' red
1
'L
1li('t '1'
:: c; 1•r·l.:r.i11.J_y
,1, ]nl. ()I'
l '(•d,
yr • IJ.c, 1✓, 11nd 1•1 ·<·<:11 :in 1,/ 1C' lilu · sky any-
iv: '.Y .
/\11<1
1,_y
·1 l.l.1·:1.1 • 1, i 11,•~ i.11a1. ,111l. _y1•11 ,·11d_ up wi 1.11 nnnLl,l·t · kJ 11'1 of' blue .
I 11
i'·w l. ,
1.11 i ::
i :: 1•111:i.l. i I,
1-1.·1:: .
I~, . we 1·1·11 ' I, :-JLll'<'
a rr l l.h('ll ycst.e:r'l.iay ,
\,/t • 1•,. l.:tkh11 •: ,
1.J,,,y l 1wl l11·c•1r
l,:tkin1,'. w-il. 11 Ll,cjr· 1'.11 1 ,:amc- ·a tllll
u.li ,
~n the
, ·,l./l'1'i111'.
ir, l,fi<-
Lop 111"
Ll r<' ~(• .

Br:lt 11
,·,mr i r·rncu. l,y p! ,oi;ol,';rapliy, motion p ie t trre photocraphy.
The explanation
I haven 't had a cha nce to
I givr may or may not
)C:
i['.'.;l t , I don ' t know.
'l'l1 .r, ' n a l so 8. dust layer in here within
J.nok u. t all the 1,ther p r·ohlcm •.
l.l 1r· :.;j tuut.i.on d()wn by U11: wh :Ltc l i clit too well I
,lon ' L know, :it rtuty be v ·ry c·ompli -1-it d .
''o 11crc 's another situation where
un oh.; r v1::1.Lion
lnLer <·(in1':i rmed
.Y• uJ-1,
1.1.notl,cr Get oi' ast1·onauts doing
l fh , <:nupcr· mack •0,ume v r:y intcrcstinB ob-
clown un t }1c <:l oud:.: und >-1.:i 1· p;low j::.; vr-r,y trarn;p,~r-cnt j n s olur !"adiation and
Ll1at.. sort u !' t hin/~
so wh
11 you l o k ti.mm y ou ' r·e e;ettinc u.h, sort of
r·je;rrt 11 hjrnl j(·, , you ' r··· /'. t t:in1~ an ·i nte ri sem·rrt of, of ligh t here and y ou
:.;c
,·J011ds a rid 01 · ,·our~;c· Ll1 ' rcsL i s
:J. l.'ucto1· <>L' t wo d :i ff
ent .
'l'l 1i s i:.; i1,Le C" Lin1: 1eca1tsc the
p1·1fpl,· rll)W I Li'('
1-1111 ·l,:i 111'. ,,11
1.11, · po <·-v a1r.l I. :J.i. 1· 1~Juw expvt·.Lm-nt whi h wi l l be
1111 . 1,wl L.
w1 • •
,. l<lild:: .
'I'1r ( · r ·, • ' : ; •L11• , I.I 1( • r • i 1 1 L< •1·1 · : ; I. i 111 '.
I. i l, LI ( • l,.Y- 1~ I·~x l 1 II" l, .
ln 1, w•i L:1 l trt mnon. ·r is i
rJ

I JJ 1, McDj v.il.t ,tnd \.fliitc·
\./, :11
l':ine,
i.l ' the @)on is out :Lt is
jll w 11i 11n ti 111 '. Ll1c ca r t J1 ' :.,; Jen, :1.ntl p· r l ,u _p:__; the' il. w-as
1 J.ittle bri r✓,htc r
l,J11 u 1 !.11 '
/J. ,i , . / '..11 ,w Wi l('J I
l,l tl'/ '( '
j r•
n11
rrl( )() fj t he ol·./1cr. wny ;.;,,rotmd.
But
1,;h •
l n Pact
Lhc•y pref er
Lhe Lit i n,1~
1.1 1
J i)I(: o.r tl.c.:m11rk 11 t;:i.on :i s mud , mon: 1·1 rw 1:1.t night t han i n
t I1c
<I a _yt :lmc:.
T'hc c!.lty-L:i1r1c
1ll.t.Y tl rc
<" J owl si l,1J:·t1.:ion i ::: tih
v er y dif· i cult
11. :;ccms U11J.t
effec:t 01.
they, they
ct.lWttys
l,!1 •
c;low,
I.i s
i l,
thr our:h t he·
:;omc .I i,'-~hi.. ;
('dgc o n u.lr ~low.
But you also a:ce looki~
through the a i r
i s r;omine;
oun ; you' r e l ooking so t of taking t wo pa sses
rd r
1~- uw jn::;tc 1;t.d of one , l onp: b i g pa t h and y ou a r e getting
and _y1, u. 1H ·<~ 11ul. /'. -·l;t I ll'. vc r _y mur·l1 l :i ht :f om t he s urf ace of
1lJ i
i n /,c • r·c .
ituation
tytime .
N, ,I
1.i 1c
1d . .
l tll ,
t he v l s:tblc
I ) / I '
.Y' • ; : '
i I. rl 0)( ...
lilt .
l, 11I. "" I. v,·r ·,v
1t1,, , · lt .
111:t ln· , •111•
: ; l..•t l.< ·1•1, •1 tl • .

C
3elt ll
.
~
Lil
:d
r.;low from the 1·onL :i nui;J...Y',1c may have c:u1..,.se
people t o think that
there ' s ::; om •Ll L.i n11: very n1c1.[~j c; a out Lhc.: 1~reen (line) .

, l ­
Belt 12
1
5~7'1'
4-477 atomic oxygen green l i ne of the air gl ow
rom t he continual we may
have caused people to think that t here ' s someth ing very magic about t he
green (line) .
I f you are starting t he green line certainly you want
to observe the green line
are built very carefully to
obs rve (holding ) the green l ine j_n a nd uh, would continue (near) .
But
for
o.pplications it may not be alwuy" wise to subtract the
(<.:ontinuim) .
In other words , while' you ' ce d nling with a nd this is a gain
Lhosc 1,000, 7000
. 23 mentioned .h
' 77 j s the green line right here
but tl 1ere ' s a str ng con tinuim rig/it nlong he.re.
A lot of 1 ight here;
this :i.s th light we ' v
been talkjng n.bout .
'I'his visual night (glow)
visnl>) c nip;ltt elow cdr.;c on :Ls is t he total.
,.,o there's a lot of light
thcr and just .
. :· n tl c :Jexto.nt experiment . . . . constructively
critical pcx·riaps th r ,ason why th
. didn 't wo· k too well i s af ter
one is throwing awa y a lot of l i ght .
Uh, t his is not a s bad as the case of
foe J.ights you. know.
Remember years ago the
og lights were yellow.
'rhey were li~ht wasters .
There i s no r1.:ason, the only reason why they
wo. kcd. well is th .Y w 1·L· low down :;o cv ·ntuall,Y the yc~llow . . . . disappear.
Hut .YtYll don 't; want t.o w;u:.:tc /J.liY Li1'.l1t..
However White will point out to
ynu t 1 1·
•
•
•
•
be <lid J>r.·c
·r us:i.np: l;l1c 1~reen l'jlter and McDivitt preferred
I':i 1.·::; t t o , 1.cpcnds a lot your own method
,,r· ul11~r:rva.t.J1,n.
J do w:Lr,t to po.i.1,L L,uL that on' has Lob very ca eful
I1ow on • rnak1.::i .
upplicu.t:i or1:-.; n1 · 1d e glow.
Uh,
ecall any
other
u.h ,
l-.t1irlf.'.f; , tlie_y
you. wcrcn ' t l1ct·c yest.e day ;
. know a
J i.ttlc bit 1;tbout H ..
lfli, I think I shoulcl . . . . . senr·it i veity H ' each of the astronauts

I
start:i.ng with Glenn who l ad trouble getting . . . .
Well, I r eally don ' t want to get into that t oo much for this reason.
Finall~,
there will be a very ine experiment carefully planned through the .
mean sensitivity uh,
Oh, uh, uh
O. K.
Well
Glenn didn 't u <:hang
t o get . . . . and therefore
he wa n ' t able to n!B.kc the E:amc a<.: ut
observations for example, a s Cooper
was a le to make bcca1.we for example , I don ' t think Glenn had an oppor­
tunity to really eet ..
and see very muc;l1 on the daytime skies but
you mean maybe, uh, tha t t ype of ult,
W 11
uy, Y'S , uh, o
vcn star light.
Oh, alright
ine, alright, I see what you mean.
What was the (landing)
o bit magnitude?
Yes .
0 . K.
llh,
going back to .... let rn
continue with tha t
Uh, in one ·a sc Coop -r \-,as taking o. small, woke up and opened his blind
and looked out and he was on t he dcr.y side .
The earth was direct l y below
him, the s u11 was d:Li:-cctly behind M m.
Do the
a.rth was not illuminating
any portion oJ' th
window nor- wus :i.t; :I.l.lumina ting anything that the
window :;aw.
'l'hcrc :i.::; not prj ma. y , :Jee mlary . . . . a ca
Jjk• Liiat .
II<: hu.d. IL :p1·c•t,Ly 1~oorl s :itual,ion and 1~ d i d ::,ee stars in the
d:i.y l,:int<: ln.rl, lie cJjd h1d:i.,·11.tc Ll1at ltl' wns ,1ot ul>l
to S<' •' a s well in the
w, • l<.now th ', ·e: ' s :t tJ.ny a i 1 • ~low l>uL i ts vc r-y di LTicul:t to mea sure and he e
J'.; ab r,:Lnni :ng
f usu ,jcct:i.v
ob"c1·vntion of , of its (men ) at the

<>n uorir-d S<J tt1i1.t d urlnp; the; clny sid.<.: one can :took and observe p hysically
what the day air glow is.
Now t his is very important b ecau se here we
have the orbiting . .
next year and very i mportant background prob­
lem.
Two of t he orbiting
. observatories . . . . . are above the
1:dr glow, t hjs air glow.
nut the day air- gl ow is much higher and uh,
at l ea.st , there ' s p;ood evidence in the rocket measurements that it ' s
higher and it ' s sort of u.ssoc:iatecl witli a red air glow.
And, so here 's
our situat ion where an o.etronaut was a1Jle to : mbjectively note the d i fference
between day and nip:ht in the (sky)
Uh, McDi v·i tt and White were able to
sec d1.')\v.J'l to 7tl1 antl 8t!1 lf'll:ll '.Tliturc r.; tar::; where as the other astronauts
were not al>lc to sec so well.
AgEr i .n i. t may be: 1:t question of time
(darkmcntation) perhaps not that much more t ime but uh, . . .
t hey were ge tting down to uh, the kinda of sensitivity . ..
that uh,
should be possible under , under good conditions of dull a tmosphere.
Uh, should we mention anything (about) the window (pane ) and uh, . .
to hear more about it, the question on did uy, White smear someth i ng on
Lhe window or tak e something o:ff w:i L:h ld s elbow or somethi ng.
It appeared,
rcom what w(~ heard, thn.t he tood sometl1:i ng oJ'.L' there h~s been some
nr:cumu.11;1 t i on ( 't) them ::.w:lt Lering tile mc<li um on Lhe wi ntlow and we took
:~omc (;!' :I t oJT m1<i ,rltcn it look at whnl. lie dici. they have to l ook inJ in
Lhr-0111•11
t.1 1<' w-i11dow , i L lnok.ed blac-k wlH-rc he ltnd. rubbed something off,
:;caU.vrinp: u !T W-:iJ1d.ow w·J1l<:l1 !ind. a1T11m1Llal:ion (>1' little particles which
1u·c; brou~hL or- ::a)lll\:tltJ np: wl1i<:li wo11lcl get in tlic light t he place where
he moved it :md. again j t lol)ked.
I\u t 1cl'ter nll the cockpit inside is

:Belt 12
relatively b.l.ack cornpa. ed to the 01 tsidc .
And thi s is true and they
J ooked out thro1--<13.h the 'Window 1.1h, there seem d t o be a change .
In fact,
they have a pl'1otograph of t his ( spot ) . . . .
talk about that.
Uh,
they are very uh, they say the astronauts have t aken advantages of every
possible opportunity
t o note something unusual.
And he keeps all
the (;opies . .
Uh,
.. I think we can look a little bit
to the :futu.rc.
I think we uJ.l woul.d like t o extend the
. r a nge of
vi s i011 o.nd the way to do tJ-mt i s w•i t l1 inn ge converters .
Thia may be
vc y ])rnc tic.:tl.l.
Uh, i
on · j s des.line: with uh, the iclea of perhaps using
'L viol t lens t·at11er tl11m 11 ulue to r...-;ct down to a reg:Lon that is .
many ruo e c·ommunt::: on.
You mn.y ue /7, t t.! ng into cl. reg:i on wbere the eye
snot ver y sensit i.vc or nots nsitiv • at all, yet i t is a very inter ­
esting region to do practical navigation well , there one can use the image
c;onverter and hav the eye become s ensitive through a n image converter
to uh, (the near v:i.olet) .
There are many ob servations tha t have made
I' om rock -ts that are 1a d to repeat.
Uh, for example , ultraviole t aurora .
We ' re not sm·e thi~ happened b ut
uJ1, two of th ,se
.. in a rocket
nntl L11rou~~l1 ,y_j r· ai1d. -Lt r:ot satura t d Ftnd it tm·ns out t hat it probably
WHS a vc y st-.rong ll·:trnv:i o:JcL
u 01 ·1-1 over Wa]ll)ps Island.
And f'or t unately
t.w-o ol' tile ( 1;1:l<· t..,lmc Lm··n ) worked uml l>ec:iuse ti icy were
.. to such
J,i1...-;!1 ::i;rw,iLivlty l111L tl1c otl1t:l' t wo W-<: r·<· .. .. Wel J_ ,
Lili, there .as
11u vj ::;1Lh.l • <:()tmt.cr·J)u.r.L 01 · thJ s aJ."c:t; tile e Wl:l.s 110 w y of knowing it ·
::;11 t .LJ J Les I1avc •
•
•
•
•
.
11<; tromJ.uLs might ' c able to l ook a round and
. LLltravio l c;t 1.:1.urora.
•r1,cy saw l".hi" aura a j_n south
/\us tralia visually.
Wi ~J 1
LI 1ft t 's l;I 1e bcginni.nt;.
Perhaps With image
c:onw-rt rs Ll1cy rr\j t,'.llt p•ic ·k
11p som • 0Ll1cr· aurora.
11 I L. n,vi oJ ct.
C/'. 'i on; we don ' t know whether
I I , .
,.• I I i
r
~
I •
l.1
:I

12
5
o w he: r<· af,:ai :, "'"n j magc, converter
,1jll <'nnvr•r- . . .. . l i1~hL Lo v•i.:-.;alJ c
I i1~ti1. .
Uli, l,;1eir 0 1,servu.tions
l.haL have 1Jri n mucic o f U1esc neb locil.ies (? ) which may or may not
,,e so , th s • are ulLraviolet nebulociti .s (?) in the 1200- 1 300
r g ·on .
Aw in on
migli L ha v
un j rnal~l' conver L r or c eate an i maee
in a rnutt,,r· o(' u mnm nl.
luok o.t u linL!(? ) untl :;ee if one
an see this
tlC'buloc i Vi~,; (?) .
M1 y1n· on ... j n:; Ln.w1cn .al Jir·oblem(? ) -.,,e don ' t
know .
In I.Iii :; L.Yfl<' or <'X[K' r· i.mcnL v<• r·,y diffic 11. t o uchie:v .
Uh ,
',l('J]
I think (,l111.l. ' :; a.1,oid.
Jl I witril,<·d Lo ca.v 1.th , I tun ::;u1·e you ' ll
l.hc,y :lf)l,) un-d ; Lhv
t::iL ,·01,u11I.; ; when 1.11!'.Y t;cl] .voI1 ahou ', th , when ... .
'l'h
J i:; t
1.I1i1w. on our r,ror:r·arn
i::; I.I,<: 1t:~l. rona11L" , anu I. ey ' ve
ohviou'.;ly 1,<:en d0l1.l.,yed :;o I ::;uvgcsl. w<' l.ake u. <·orfee 1;r co.k whjle
w
wail. for f.hcm ..... Wc ' l
cul. our· c:ol'f'ee bn,1:1k shor L.
Colone
McDj vi LL ar,d Colon 1 WI, i L
hfav
silown u J her(' .
Uh , maybe we
an
r co11 11t. (?) , I. k • a min11l.c uncl .cecouriL 1·0 -c th~m what w~ • ve cone .
Uh ,
our 1nLen1. l1L'r
was Lo 1,av<-' each or 011r· exp rimcntors p,o tlirougr1
111
i>:L< · k1-'. r·<ll111d or I.lie 1'Xl'c' 1·i 111<'11L ,
/'.l) I l1 r-ougl1 1./w
•xp rim nl, , and
: ,.1 :;u 1.ivv :;,1111,
lll' .VPlll' ( ' ( HnllH'til .:;
,V(l ll
/'.i •VI·
t'.o
1 111'111 .v ~I.L'f' a,Y ,
0
I 1.11 i .1k l.ll• t t.h
::p<·ul~<· r·( ·t ) w•J1Jlli :q11,n·,· i:1I.,· ,
i 1· .vo11
W(11il, i ,
u l1 , ,:ave s,.'ll\e 01' .,·otr own
c·omrn, )11I. ;-; w,d < l,:;1:r·v d,i,,11:: 011 "•t<'h ,i1· Ll1L'..,e
•.· p • ci.mc1 l...; , wh re ,vou
ar-
I icip;il,c•il rllf>r'l'
l/11111
1. 111 · (~:wil.< ·lt w:,::
i11 opcrat.ion ·!) , a11tl , uh
';ive
l. /1('0I
f.I1(· O(lf!Or·l.1rnit..v I<, IJ.:-;I<.
l
l'<.' W qtt(• .:i.ionu
1>;1~,1 ·
on :..lie o\.h('Y
l.l1i111'.: : 1.IH'.Y lall<.< •d :Jl1011/
I.Iii:; morJ1i11 1' ... Anc
.L ,rtw ss Lhis morn · ng
w< · ,,,, ·11!. I. 1r·<111 f'. l1 Li,,, m<'di1 ·:d
,·xp .riu1< •11I: : I·Lrsl . . . Lhc me .ic· l e:icper iments
<[j)

.. ' .
BeH 12
6
and ,
L, cholce oJ.S Lo how you .....•....
(l\.ctually ) Lwo r ours in space .
I don ' t think there are any questions on tha t .
Ha, Ha .
The X- rays ( '?) dlcln ' t c.:r.a.1 se any signif · c1::1.nt ha dships as far as the ..... .
Lo fl lgh L.
'l'hey mtvl-
u::: get up wh1-d. , 10 minuL •[:
ar li ·r .
Yr·1;.h .
W<: J
you cw huck ( 't ) L ,uL.
~;lncc Lhcrc was ,mly 4. 3. (?)
I guess
'l'l1ut ' s most ::;erlous p roh em<• a.nd I wan Led a milkshake or something
as soon a s I landed and I c uldn ' t have it .
aid I couldn ' t have any
calcium until what , (20 hours afterwards? )
/\s far as the flight probl ms
'l'hat' s a pretty safe f oar (?) my hce
rlid.n ' t hurt at all.
M"ne ' s all hale
up .
Tin. , Ha .
1 did.n ' t trd.nk you had enough hield c1.L Lhe rnom -•nt
(?)
Ila, Ha .
1'he uli , phon cardiogram (?) like s ome of the other senses (?) ....
eouplc day~ (?) Noi. so LhaL we coult.lr1 ' L
arry on the mission .
JL w.t··n ' t any more t;oL11 ·rsome than u1.v (lf the o Lher ones .
l. ' db'enh1 L •r•st.cd in , LnLcrestc\1 ink.110wing , uh
the ..... .
rcsu It.:~ of Lhein .
It, h:;.~;ri ' l.
l" ( Jlll<) lJp . .. .. .
v,• .•i.1 1.
Wl1LL I ' rn
·(• 1.dly int.el'l'::1.vd i11 is wl1 L'Ll1\· r· or 1tul. our m
ion dist rbed
l.l 1c mi<·rupl1,>11 • enough 8(> Liu.LL you 11,• LnJ n lot. \)i' other· things ..... an
1101, ncc!cssar·il.v
1u· l1cur·L .
I~
L.
Wi '
i.
uh , a.lw· ys have the band on the ..... .

·
,_ .
• I
.,,
Belt 13
ua
h- ... . .man on the t ape .
1'he EKG?
On t he biometry tape r ecorde r .
'l'ney we r e arr anged in s uch a manner that the - the phonocardio­
1~rwn by itself was not r cor clerl on both t ape recorders .
It was
only r-ccor dc <.1 on one tupc r •cor der.
/\.nd s in,~c_: we were not neces::;ar ily
inL ·r estcd in thl: mun wl1u wu~ u.wa k<! , l,ecause l,J was mov i ng ar ound
: r.ii.1 y oL1 we ·• ·n ' t. 1-~n ing Lo L .v
.o gc L uround t q t.t :J.L anyw:1y .
Whe:n(:VE::r
1.>ll<: w ·nL to :;J.ec1, , lJ • !J I, i omud LF.l.J)
r 1 c:0r<l r
w:i.:; un .
Most oC- the
I' L.ight pr oflle 0 11 t.hc
j om d .....
Do either oi· you talk in your sleep?
~o , I don ' t
elieve so .
Jim doe s n ' t, do it?
Ther e were
ome - thr oughout the sl ·ep I f elt
ine .
I know I moved
around move d my ar ms an tri d to get. mor e
omf rtable .
J only u e 1 bout hu.l
of my "i r st Lhrcc sleep per i ods , whi h .....
l,1t:: IJ1·:<: n
r ·<k po::i 1.,,
b.v Lite l.lm
Lite l.ld. rd X- 1·ay was being ...
JJ, ,, i.L l::; ul I he:a.l(:ci u_r, rlghL now.
'l'l1crc is nv hing \ffong with it .
Wu don ' L r ·,dly l1nvc tl1c tl.uLu yeL ,
l ,ju;;t talked to Dl' .. ... .
e hcu rd
h i. i~ rnurnirw I.I 1at 13 Lo 10 p<: t'L'. nt , H to 10 per cent calcium
dc l' i.c icnt .
We 11 , we mud • u . .. ... uwJ L ,tm a.f r a i1l .;..~ l os s -
nut quit e ba k
N"I. •p1i l.1· al I 11,1,('k a11 cl
w, · w,:r1· :1. Ii 1.1.11 • 1·ur j_n11:,; .
We wondered iI~ maybe

2
we
o 1ffovi e ex Lra shiel •ng on tr,e right s id; of the pilot ' s heel
until a couple of weeks from now we w·11 chec it again out of
curiosity.
It is not part of the protocol or anything else .
1~at ' s all righ .
)\11t ,
W(~
1:1.re _just c;11 r'io u::.: Lo n na 0111, .
Now WC reali ze Lhat you have
,j,1:.;L l,c; en pu.rudi111~ --­
••... Lhe mure you jomp a r ound on it i.!1
more .i L <.:ome s back .
.L
ou ' t know .i.f' you think you have lie •n jompj 111~ more or .....
[ wilJ. L1::ll you unE: thJ ng -
I n&.ven ' L hud. my f':..i.lr share of ice
·re n ttnd mi k .
1
1 llad yo 11 taken your last X-ray:;?
Postfli.ght
u 011L , .i.L ' s u llttle over 10 days it was supposed to
I,c 10 < ays itl!<l i L Litrn
ouL Lo he l? , I beli vc .
W1~ ju:.; L l1ad Ll1 m.
Cl.lJne
tile '/Ll 1 r ichL , und -re
di it yesterday morning ,
o
o
w
n
J u
·
·C
Lher e it is
Lh
23rd, al.Jout the 25nl day .
I thj nk if i L . s a (\me j on of exerci,3c, and....
IL is not u d irr~ct, f1tncL ion
I mean Lll:~L :i.s 011' variable , but it is
,j1 ,:.;t u
cllr i 011:;
L_y
t.11111..
wi.; 11:Ld cx:pec·i, . ti l.11at : t. WUlLld b<2 back up by
i
n,iw and it i:.; ri,il. <Jl.l i t,r, l,,t · I< n 'nr j ir-(.: .
w, ,
wl111.L
i
mun_y )•<.:1·1 ·<; 111.
C:in yot t:ell?
I
I
,
i
,
.
I
.
n<.i w': '
! l o
w
d o wn
l : ;
i
L :
W<, j j ,
j I,
V'Uf' i r::..;
I 11 ,w I,c.: l. w, ·en l,i IC
l. w 11 l\ j" .Y Il l ,
/\ i!d Lile r•c
1:l.l'C
S t..ill
WI"
l
, u u l ,
v,·,·.v p r ,~li111i 11:tr-.v 1Hiw .
i.11,)::, · .v,·:;l.crdu,v , ; nd we -
Lhcy wer e
.:l.i 11
p r·11,t"l.i,·:,. l l_y
w,·I. w11,·11 w1·
w1.r c ,hii,11~
i. t ,
i ,u t. we n.r e
:., ill

.
Belt 13
3
JH'O\.Jahly 4 l.i r
'.:,, p - rc.:ent. b ]ow wha t
_y, u wt::r e whr::n we took our pre ­
f _Ligh L:; , ar1
tho:;~ wer
very cons tunt
e::;pec _· c.1.J l y the fir::;t t wo .
Well , if we are st.:·11 4 or 5 per cen
down , t hen we onl y wen
down
about E3 per ent .
Hight .
What is the ~enslLivlty ··n your meU1od 't
Well, :1s I
poinLeoJ out L11i.s mornine , if. , erieml:::: on t he situation , but
1~,i tlii11k w
are de1'inlt.cl.v within
~ prirccnt .
lt. -
we produced it
,111 s ·v,:ra.l mnchi_n:; -
m .11.Y Li.rne:.:; we, /J;<.;L much r· lu::;er th :-J,n that , but
w1: u.r e not. -
we d1)11 ' I. wa11 I. Lo ,-~O 011 I.
<111cJ ::.ny U ,al, we :1.re -
Lt varie s .
Wl1u.L w:1:; yu,, r- ex.per i_cn<.:,: wlU1 I.ht;
·M:cc i :;e?
Yes , well JeL m· <.:oounen t.. on Lh i.s fjr-::;I.
liecau:;•.:: C think I deviated
l'u.rt her t e exp riment .
But after
u.bou
2 days I felt that I wasn ' t
getting any exercise at all , and there Li; a J tmit t o how mucb push­
ing on t he
·1oor Lhat y o1t can do , ~;o 1 , ot cl ,i.cance f'r om Dr . Grady ,
1...o go ahead and u.,e the
xerciser t,hr ou1~hout Lh • r emainde r of the
1' I igl1L .
oL 011.ly a ,; a mcLl1n
of e:,rnrcj 1;e a s pn;s cr ir)ed
n our medi cal
t,vp1~ I
pa::i::c•:,; , liul. al,w a " a J'or m ,,!' r•x ·t·cis i.11:\ my ar ms and legs ,
11nwr'v,•,·
_[
:;11.w l' il. .
/\nd. [ did do L.l1i :: t. llrou,~!1
1.1 1e r emuin
r of the
l.ll.p; •Ll ll ::
I.() 1•:o
l1
dlt,Y ;c;
1J.11rl l,c ('llpli.lJJ•· I.,, /,;c: L Oll l,;; ide tl10 spacecraft
Ly rn,y ::, · l r l.l1 n11 l.u :;o r- L 01· s l.n.v in LI,<· .;I.a e u1 · l1ibernnl ion .
I
1<. i 11d u 1· lik<'<l _y,>11r ,·onm1•11 l. yc s t.eni:1.v , :;omethi11,~ :i ouL rather
1a.n
l.1 , n Ii 1111 i_n Lo a p11 mpk in .
:,uu1l: LI I Ln(!
I. i k<: Lt at ,
[ Lhou ht it was f u nny .
Ii ·aJly . we w ' t·<· -
J wa: ; 1•:(~l. l. .i11r1, muc:1 , l,:s :; exe r cise t han
I h ad an i ­
1· i pul. 11d .
'l'l,<: r
w:_,1,:-:; a ::p1 1rL (i:.u·J.'f i11
1.11,; r1 · 1~l1t. when I was ge t"ng
,. v,: r-,yl.l1ir 11~ ""l. , ,'.1;l.L i111~ ,·vc r ,y Ll1i1 11:; :;L,>n·il 1.Je1',11·c Lh
~VI\ n...'1d we

Belt 13
4
ad a
ot o • a fair arnou.nt of exerc •se there .
Then I found I could
r each ever yth · ng that... I needed t o reach without real ly....myself all
over the inside of the spacecraft .
I managed to get all the food
out wh ·ch is a - in a lg is a fairly d "fficult
a sk, I managed to
f-'.cL
j t
tho
e fforL
•ver, once
got the first one
o u t
w
i
L
a n
y
w
hat... 1;0
I
olT .
'l'riey we r·• 1:.1. ll .... 1,.n<l 1.h·y Wf: r·•; in 1.1. box ri -~ht ur::hind me and
l
, j u : ; t .
-
I
It...
n o u g h
::;o
J
t.
alwa_y:; lef't 1)11
l1 u.n(!. LJ1f-': <\111. .
w,L ~; big
wu 1.lclJ1 ' L go lme;k i 11 l,u I.I 1c I101 • anti i I. wu:.; taped u . .Ll ..... und I d.i<.ln ' t
l1uve Lo worry abuu.l. .Lo.'.lin1,1, i.L
so J ,j1i:;L rea ·l 1~d back und f "nd it, ,
und I
j 11st jerke
i_l, ani.i pre t., Ly :Jeon Lit -. next m•~ul would flop o L
t.11en I would Lak
t.he rH.:issorr; an
c11L that one off, wi. h no
l'for t whatsoever
• d I antic.:.ipatecl Lhut I mi.gilt have to Lur n
around and read1 back in t,herc an
)UJ.
lot of exerc •se s
d o
a
t hut .....
/\notliu· thing Lhat we thought mig11 t,
rov .i.de exercise just d • dn ' t so
_you !1ucl t..o mak
i , .
And I W<.1.:m ' t
l,IJ11L -
I d .i dn ' t fee} l ike d uring
a I < I. t> f ex •r ·.i :;(::; !'or c:;crr i :.;c :.;nhe !>••cu.use wu weren ' L getting all
1.11,) ;:lr·e11 l.i1al. wit:;
t.11<)11 1-'.llf. w<· :;J1,>11lcl l1·Lv u and
L ,justll,sl. the
esjre
I.,> Ii · du.i.n1-'. p1i::l11,p:: o r 1~11_yLlli111: I ih\: 1.1,aL,
} 11 . I did feel tlla
I
I t.hi1d~ LtJ1.1.f. ::om•·Ll 1i ng uq.~i1l.
.u \;-• c111ul·
l ear l.11 0ugh ~- re , I t1i n k
v<..:
1:.1.n.:
1t:.; • 11,'-'. I.he wo r d c;n: r c.: i.:; • r;J.l.l 1c r· l" t·c ly he n~
in n
lay
onunon
:~en:;<.: , und :11,i;o..i11 1.l1e
r. pcri.m•n1. he r· (•
:L: ; i.L wa~: dcsi gnc
w-a,; no t
11<..:c .:::Jar L .V -
u wo.rk (;LJ.Jl~tc i Ly or u wnrh hear t cupacl1..y te s
I
s
110L
1.1. thin1'. dc:1i 1'.n'd Lu pr vide Lb· crew witli an extensive amoun
o

Relt 13
5
c1xC;lrc i :;e , a11d I U, ink -
I r;uei;:: bC('.:.1.u:;r, - you probably -~ might have
1-~1tc:;:;(•1 l be l1n<i 1:2.1,01iL 60 pt~!L:; l,haL yr, u were rc:flly heaU.ng yourself
11p a llLtl c t,it, wider Uios<:: condit ion s .
Well, I made the corn.men-L that 50 was kind of Lr-Lvi al.
Hight.
'then I said Go warmed me up in the :;uiL more than I would have liked
t.o Jta.ve !Jeen, I was kind 01' wHrm mos L of the Llmc anyhow, and it just
mt1.de me a 1 i Ulc WFlrmer .
So j L wa:;n ' I. a r eal big exercise workload ,
l.!1c k i nd ol' cxercl:,c that. you would uo over ir1 Lhe gym.
HLe;hl,.
I L!1lr1k Lho.t, s<.>m<: pcoJoJe j11sl, :~<)!, a misconception of this
Lld.ng -
thi:; exer cl:;cr -
Lti<:: J'act tl11..1.t. we call .i.t, that that we use
l.l1e word exer cise , Uw.L we should u~<:: Ltie proper pros:pective
here, what ac Luti.11.Y was Laking plu<:c, wr,ich j s u very short spurts
ol' energy expenditur es; yes, l:Jut not, exercise like in a gym or
a real good workout, oi' ti.ny Lype .
Do you feel
Llw.L the ventilation in the suit was ade quate?
I did, but Lhere again, i t was adequate; but marginal.
You couldn' t
do u. lot, or cx:c r ci:;e, .vo11 w0t1ld r~el, a tie:.1.t l oad .
As n. matter of f act,
wl1cn 1•:<1 wn:; cxcr-c·i:.: lng i t lo!.. f co11ld :LcLually reel tl1c heat going
1q, !11Ln m,y ::idc ,,t· L1 1e :;11i.l. u..l:;o .
/\rnl
1,:,t hall,, -
Ed i'clL w:ir mer
l.111rn I di,d ul I during tl1e f'J i1.':f1L.
I think you itrc u w1J.r e
L11nL .vo11 l!ad Lljl'fci-ent Lt'mperat11res on our suits ..
Wlii.c 11 wi lJ lic.l.J> ,:x:plu.:i.n I.he di l'f'erent-v Ln th() rcelings as far as the
<·11vi.ru11.men\,.
IJow co1!1u. .Y<ll1 J'el.!.l. Ll1e l10u.L whc.m he cx:eccisecl'!
Well, i L i:; it clos, •d loop.
'!'here are Lwo brancl1es to the loop.

...
Belt 13
6
l3u.L
L:1e hot, air went o t , went. through a bunc. of contraptions
un
eventua.l ly <~a.me
ack into both of our suits again , same way that
mine d.id .
H didn ' t have a close
loop for himself only, and I had
t.i.nothe r clo ced loori .
We had u clo.s d loop t h.1t was closed -
but we
wr;re f,f~r.1, u I" t,ht; 31'1-me mi ,diu.n :i ·u.l \.lfl j , , so thuL 1mytim
t l e air temp­
1 • 1· 1J. L,ir·c: wenL up 1.11
L11
hr.;i,1, L 1.0 • t or 'Wli<:: Lite r .[ w .ld ,<J the 11,:u l, tu • t
i. t. wcni. ncros s ·he
lieut C::xc anger u d it was onl.v takjng out so m1
h of the heat , so
.it essentially it came .in a liLtle h.i.r.rher temper atur e than it would
have if he wasn ' t exerc ising .
So , you can notic these small temp­
~r ature change s .
Wtts Lh ' noj t : - level assoclut d wi tt, the cold u. i.r through the ....
I Lllink SO , yes ,
l'r·ob11hl,v no , IJuL [ Lhink .oroJal,ly .v011r 110ise .in .vour
· nte r com was ­
·r -
wns so mucl1 rn0.r
Limn L111J..L
y(/ 11 pr· liabJy didn ' t even not · ce it
IJ..!:i mu.It llS y,)H had .
You e;cL u se
Lo .i.L .
J'u t. llke flying Lh · p3__:;
you ge l somebody i n
ie re Lhat is noL used Lo Lhe hot m11.k
si.Ltine; in then. it probably
e;ct s rir etty
h,j cLiona,~Lc i.ri 1.l. shor L pe r i od 01' Li.me , but when you
:.1. r e usc1
Lo Lilul. ,
1_,1,l' Le r a Jicr· i.od or· L im , yo11
.u1 w there is a noise,
l l11f, yt.ti know wh:LI.
i.l. j,s and y u1 J e:11i1 p11l. i.t away .
I t.1i · nk another
1•1-1•n · i :;c r·, l11r!. I.Ill' dt,;J i r•,. I.,, <I, ,
1. l.l1t1111-'.ilL t!H·L·c was a Jccr 1;asing
I di cl wlta.L I
I did ,,If ) I,,irn11t ' r ing tL L'c>i ind tl1e ins i e of
l.!11; :: 11:u.:0<· t·1,.J'I . 11rn11,t:<i:.;::ar· i t.v .
/\s 1·:u· il:..; the w,1rkloa
i s concerned .
J
,Ju11 1 I,
IU l( l\-1 wlH•l .!1 f;(' Ll1i:J i:; ."L e;etl i11;'. I. ired [ll'\,) CSS ,
c)r' 1,o the l ack

::11.rne r, -,: I i 111•. .
Lli <l _y,>1 1r fr :1.i.k 1:ll:c-Lri c :;Lul,lc; <:hur,~<: wurked un electron and magno­
meter
we d'dn ' t get any performance at all on those three .
First
f r om an instrumentation standpoint , we had -
the switches
were accept ·l'>le
even
o me, I thought E
was asleep when we had
Lo ttu:·n Lho:;l: 1.ltin/-'.S on , I hucl Lo r 0.ar.: r1 acr oss 1.,ri.th this thing we
<·u.11
Ile swiv l
sl,ick wl1 i d1 · o abo1 tl, Lhis lone:; 1;,,nd has an un sually
::.l1aped end on iL Lhut we
OLtld r at: 11 1rntler t he switches and flick
Lhem
11 and off wi.Lh iL .
di cl ym1 ::; e Lhe ... ... .
exl,enrl'(
No .
LL wa :;1 1' L ex.I. nded?
No , • t,
,msn ' t. ex Lende
IJ i.d yo1, ever ~ e tllc Lh
lJO.t:k encl,
i
y ou ge t far enough back
Lo get Lo look in deep enough Lo s~c it?
No .
Di
you hear it extend'?
J\lo .
I ex tended lt I.he
l'i r s L Lime l n,t I really- clld.n ' t see it .
'I'! 1rot e;I Hrnt I.I 1 , r Li.1:'.I 1L
wl ,a L -
w(-.. pru mlJJ y -
wl 1aL did i L
ycle ther e ,
:d,1Ju I.
'J Linu;:.; .
,/11:;I. i 1, c:u '..:<: l.hu.l. IJ,I1.,.yorn) !,jm • t. h r<· 1,: ~:.; ~ome\.11 in y wr n s 1.,ri th • .
w•>1J ld 11' t, exl.«:11<.l ,
wu 1il d _yu11 :~ 1. 1.,•rnpL l.u ,·xi.end ii Going .l rough the
1·;,t., ;11<1 r;_yr.;I,· ali<>11I.
11 or· ', Lime:· <1 11r·i111'. I.lie f li;·:111. ,
.1 11: : L
i11
c·1J.::,· ::,>1m·l. l 1i1 1~'.
w:L:.;
w ,· 111111'.
w ii.11 it. at n.11.v
l)B
Lim
th:.1.t lt
111ii-'.l1L 1-'.':I. <nil. I.> i I. .
w, - r v vc· t· r ·Lra · l.(:tl it , ::;u , i
if wor s ,
hen
rttil.11 i 11;-'.
·01 1I <I l,1,v,: Ji;tpJ >( •11e <I .
v.Jl1 •11 did _yu Ir
l.11 n I Ll1c t;w i 1.ci1 11 1· I'?
'l'l ll' .... . .... ··w i.tcli .

8
/\s soo .-1 as j L w:.: exter ded
after ul1ouL jO secor s or so .
What ever
i L sa i.t in Lhe
·1 • ght .
jO se conds .
Have you got uny data buck on it yet ?
;;e;v n <>n
hr.: c:ornpu L r .
/\ny ul.l1er q,H:~t. i 1m:; on l.110:::
U1r e ··r
Wl iat wus U 1' c:o:.: 1. oi" Uie pho ogruJ1liy ·r
'J'Jie Wt;:.i.Lher
and mar· ne
pl1oto1-~raphy .
o·. you skip M C-10?
Okay 10 .
I wou d like to say we got some good picLure s und I appreciate it .
'!'here again , ll. w-u
a pretty
traiglil. forward experiment .
We didn ' t
lmve any
i L"i"i.culty ~rith iL .
T ' ve P,OL a cou-p.l
of q11e:.; L.i nc abo11L Lile FJS5 .
I\ couple of things
thaL
u.me up llli.; L night.. .
You sa..i.d -
.vnu know Llie syst ma tic photo­
graphy aero::.: :; Ll1" lfnltc<l ~LateG , cvcr.v
'..> secon s , how cli
you t ime
that?
Count , or c:lock or how .
J. s a r t.e
i.t1' t'V nt. Um r wi L!i Lhe ili1~i Lal
Jock tha
we got in
mL u t:·· uwl :.:e ·u11 ::; , fi.nd L 1e11 J cor1Lr,,1..Lcd s pu. c raft
o.n · then I
I :;<•t• ,
1J.11
J•:d ,·riink •d LIii · cnJr1 ·r u.
111 at)( l took I It -' pic tt r
llid 1.11<~ :;wn,· :rn l,.i•t;L , du _y t'lll l.l 1ink
1.l1u.l, one man could
o thi s by
lii rm;(; I 1·.
'l'l,is 1.: iinpu t·l.nnl. l.,l
.!\(' t'I i:~l1L plar1 , li O y ou think it
l,1ik ·:: ll<il,h frl/!rt
l..i du i I. ·t
L Lhir1k so ; i L wou l cl lJ • v c; ry t1 · (•fjc-1tLL
o time -jt, and '"'ontrol
t he
:;p: 1.('(•c · n _1,f"1.
:1.:: yu, 1 Luke I.lit- pi.<· l.11r • :; .

,.. ,.,
Belt 13
9
I think you could get some degree of pictures, but I don't think
.hat you could get the same set that you got .
The set we lostin
lhe souther n [JarL o • Mexico , :): beb.eve I did one time when Jim was
b.S.leep , but it was not near l y as long a period and I think it
was onJy 1>roliabl,f about 12 p.icLures .
'l'hl s i s shorter :piece, but
tt,e c1.1untry i.sn ' t v ry Jung .
Yes .
W •11, w-ere focusing it u,en Ed .
Yeah, ( j us l, wanled t o get l L till :.;et up aheo.d of time, and by the
t.i.me we pas:c:ed t here we <lid.n ' t chang
l t, a grcaL deal.
But on the
pass that we made across Lh
United ~Lates, iL wo.s , I think, most
precisely held. straight
own
and w-r::. went much longer period of
time and there were contr ols that were made, and to sit t here and
1' .. ddle v1' th the controller and time yourself and turn the camera
and take the pi lure , you can ' t., do it, as exac.: L 1::1.s you can . •
Okay
1 w· 1 L -µu L Lh1 LL in as a l':Lrrnat tve reque .~t f'or my experiment
if at all pv:,sj l>J c , ltave boLlJ pi lot.:; on the joli .
l•'(ir
niw of .v011r :ieq1, nee ricl.ures .
Y1:ul1 .
'l'h c;>S<; 0Ll1;e vrie.s,
L/1e ta.r g !. ..... .. .
l•:nrl 01' !Jc] I. .

- ..
Belt 14
o . K., I ' m ,~c,ing
o pu
Lhat . . .. udrlrer;c prefer request for my experi­
rmmt if Lht1.L i:,; f..t.L :.:1ll po:i'' i.ble to hl:I.V(; uoth pilots on
he job for
any of your ~eq ence pictures .
Another one' s Target of Oppor unities if you
on ' t nee
the cont rols ••• • •
....... . . . . t.be one::: I.ha
we ' ve got you w ren' L alls ro.igh ened o t ••••••••••
. . . . . you
on ' L nee: ':;r:ar i I .Y f>u:;:: CN<: t
I.It m
y uu know .
'l'l 1
1.t1ing l.!le,y w nt. Lo Luk.~ fL T>i.t; II r
o[' iz ov'r her· iL ' s best Lo
Lake a picl.ur, .
You guys cerLa.inly hu.v• your eyec upen
buy s11me of those things-­
l.hut volca11
shot
\..hat re:;hoL sl..r11r.: u re espc<· i.u. ly, \..ha ' s r eally
going Lo give u:; L 1e miJ •age .
Could you make a comment, ,just. on the general :; .u.billty of the
:;p cecraf't
.. .. ... . .. pulsing und you ::toppe<l once , and you were wait­
jng ; how l ong djd 11. take for r ter: l,o build 11p , for instance , how
I on.g co ld 1:.1.
(' Llow co n t. on 101:1ybe p,1 l l j ng p o:;ition
n gen ral?
Whoev r go .
h
r t.c:; :;Lopp d l '
~uy i I, ta _:.; him a 1;ouple of
ays
ror him toge
::1.ar-L·d .
There ' s n(JLhi11{~ to make them i,?;O except that
r u l.al.ine; rn:u·liinc•1·y wl1\t;l1
i:: p 1·neUr·1Ll l,y nil • •• • •
l\t 1 l. yn11
11, v1• l.o n'1111·tnlh· 1·, I.Ii, >111-~I• ,
:t: : _y,>11 get• .v, 11r rat. •• :1.11 stopped
,vo1i ' r · in(;r-t. i1Llly l'ix.'cl u1<l
l11<: Ll1i11(' ' :... rota .i n~"; 1m erne .h yo
so
.vuu. ' r
r L ::t<.rpp<·d wiUi Lh • r e:: pr.::c I. l.lt:-1.L wha • y~,u wan • •••
l•'ort..v llcgrc..::; Jl r rni nu!. . ... Jtt:1 ·
:.; ·<•1)11d .
in l.l 1: ~:atn· v•in , r!o you noLic<' 1rn.v rc:Lc:l.ive m,,l,ion i .
he space ­
1· r
'L wh rn y u ' r
:i it:·· de , wl\ 'll you <l i..; Lur
i L , when y ou move aro nd
1d, n. l l'
I ,·,Hild t'<'•·I
1,:c1
111,,virl{J, a1 ·nu11il , l 11il
1-1l1<'l.i1c1· L r,~l
it. 1 ving aro n

I
l5elt 14
2
was acLually
oving Lhe spau: raft or whether I
a:; .... \i cau::e
1'elI,
L '-' moving aroun
cc:t.use he Wu'.; ti umping it , either tha , now I
.idn '
move you r eally, Jut I ' m s,lrC! that you quite felt some ( stabl e?) ,
.,
I don ' t lm ow whether it was tha t kind of a ,hing I was feel ing
<> r wh t.t1e .r· l t, wan the :q11i.·ee r1J.l'I, e l'l'c! c·ts .
I don ' t •••••••
Y, >11 cJ u 11' l,
l,1: nd Lo ...... _y n1 1 don 't, l. 1 ·11d
I.,;
1.i <;l~
11p Lhe:.;1' motion~
l'l'Um 1.11\~ ::Jl l( ' (.;CJ'llf ' \. • • •••
rcrnc111b •r :;eve r ,'il Lim<•:; wh •fl I kicked into tl111 !'ootw IL thu.t you
111intioned ; you co, .LrJ heu.l' that , buL J ' w ~ur e 1.tnJ.t wa~ ,just :.;orne ­
i.,h ' ng ,ha t he heard , and tbat I d i dn ' I, r ,.ally < i.stur
Lhe motion of
,he s a cecr aft .
Wl1F.1.t u.!Joll
Lh • ext rnal ly ..... I mea11 coul d y ou cli stur b •••••
:;u r·c wu,r. .
I. kn •w l,h • t,j in :: whcri , 1vhen J k.i.ck ed off
l\u L I
u.l:rn lo w w i \, l,oo .
l111 r-d 011 I.he :;pac: c·1•1:J.i't , :·o I ... and U1i:; was t1 1,~ t.imes l,hat I wanted
utLc r , and U1at wus th
· 11d o f' Lh
L<l i.i;
L all I.lie \o/H.Y \lit, l.o 1.11
Lirnc 1.LaL ,Jim r em:trk(: ., one Lime w !1t! 11
J. r ealJ.v 1,1md1e
off it har ,
:,.nd wlw rt
1; ::u.i d , " 11,-y , _yDu '1·t : p11t.l.i11/': cu. e
,q·
.wo d ~,:r ~e
er
::,:c ·ond <) rt
U 11' ·:p!'.LC<•erl:l. 1'1, . "
'l'I 1<·n
I ,:ull I,\
r' 'IJ(I
I, tC •••••••
w1L:: , wl1L:t 1, .vrn 1 1"1uw , 1vlt1'J1 .vo1 1' r'C' ::;i l.l i 111~
ut.. ,)n the en
01
l,lw 11"::c , 1u1cl .v n1 1 l\i<'k ,t,,wn <111 il,

!'.e Li.. 14
::1,u.c •r:ral'L ......... .
l ucer , uh , t.ran::; ation of bigger p':.rcentage t.ha.n mine wa s ..... . . .
' Caus
y ou ' r
only t ransJatine; y our .. . ....... .
. . . . . . need :;ome pictur es , sir .
llc , wh 1L ?
. . ... Di
you ju · t. fix yu11r::;,JJ' in one po::jtinr1 ... .. ?
I 1~::c:<1 p r o-pu r Liona.lly 01 · Lhc..: l'1Jel l.!1ul, J use ,1 , Jlr'Obabl.v , three quar ­
L<;r ~_; or i.L
Lra.n:d.1.Li.ne in 1LLJOut a L'or!.h or ii, just in the pitch and
yu.w maneuver:; t.lia L wer e mu.de
1:tnd l d i_1in ' t try Lo tak e out r oll.....
un
I cli.d.n ' t really (put in ) very mt1c:l1 roll ; one time I c alle d-- I
c· lle
out roll on my tape a cou.pl<.: ol' Li.me s
but pitc 1•.•••
Cu ld you .... <lid yo11 lm e s t,a.nt. i..ho11gh L11at wh an he di
these pitch
and yaw mane v r:; h
warai ' i., t r ying f,o Lransl ate , he wa:3 actually
monr_;Lrfl.Ling Ltiat Lh.i:: r;ould be done?
Y<.::ut1 , al) 1 did wu: piL<;l1 c1 l i!.t.:l e Iii.I. r) c yaw :1 1. ·ttle hit , y aw,
d1i n JiLI.JP 01 · Lh i :: Ly-p<.: of m:rnc1ivc r·:: wil.h i t. , :ind to see il I could
::1.01) iL and p1J1. i11 jn :;...i
.!1al. -1 did11 1 I. p11L a.JI I.he mo ions i.n too .
:;., iL w1J.::;n ' 1. l.r·1it.v , -1 :;<...::' wl11.1.I. Sim ' :; dr:-iving a1. . .. tha
you don't
1-1:1.nl,
1.0 :;n,v Lla.1.I. Lu Lr un:.: Lu. .c f' roni po i.111. A tti ll i s
hrce qus.r ers
i11 Lr 1,.n:;Je1.1.iun
:Lnd
;.1, quarl.cr in al.l.i[.11rl: .
'L'l\aL ' s whu . ym were
Yc :al1 .
ll l' m,y 1'11c ( i.11:d.
c·,J.r-r.Y
i 11
I.lie 1,;1nI I pn1bably u ·c thre
quar ters in
I. 1·:u1:: I:ti, i_u1 1 ,,111 I a q1mr I.< ' r· in :-1.l. Li l.1J1 le ,
lli1 L yP t t Jon ' t. need ver y mu h

·
4
111 at. I. ·. ,udt: .
Ont: 1, • me I 1J,uL pl ~<.:bt;•J c,v(;r bacv.wards and I did use
1.,ne g n Lo La. e r,riat out , beca se I j st didn' t want to use the oxy­
gen .
. .... some of the ( numbers ? members ?) say
One more qu ·ck ques ion :
t..lJaL you were movin , the :;tr u Lure about in a one - side configuration ••••••
LL ' ::; _pretty big , but it. ve .Y well ht.1.~, Lo be wlthin y our work area-­
.:rou know, • r1 your :,;ui t, you ' r e ra ther restrict,ed on wher e y ou reach
you don ' t r ,,ci.Cb IJIH.lcrnet:t.Lh and behind _you especially, but out
n
rronL- ·r e. guy would ' v~ iluudt:n me ~~om -thing
hat ' s
i g , I coul ' ve
llt.ld ii., .
'1'<..m
Lwenty ft:: et, .....
'!'en , right , Len .. . ..................... 'l'en by Len sec j ons •• ••• ••
Wait, now wait a minute, we ' r e talking about Gma.ller tings right
now- .
•r n
y ten what?
........Mov·ng where ? lJo whuL with iL ?
1 cuu l cln ' L inove i 1.,
1.n -j nch , l,e aus ! l won dn ' L have anything to •••
how w,>uld J move i.1.'?
J ' de
Lhe 01.l1cr way ii' 1 mov ed · t t
Ls way •
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I'ropu I :; .Lon .. .•• (:q,ia.J '?
,~•> , I dor ' t. 1,tiinl,
.!1i:; i:, 11:; ,
ii,'::; 1i1ll. wl\aL w,· w re ien.-ns ra 'ng
wi Ll1 i I,....
v,:u.!1 .
1 8C•~ ,,,11:1.I. ,Y<lll 1 r·c
i11L,·n!::.;Le.t ill .
<111• t.hing ,Y lH J 1~ot.\.1), l,c ,·1H ·,•1'1tl o r. • •
Y<->U 1~uL a
· 'nLer ul' gruvit.V L11:.1.t
its
hing y ou 'r talking about ,

j•,,: 11, 14
.r<:;a ly v ry ,1<"· I. I gr~ L pr 'I, Ly cl.ose .
1 knew wher
mine was .
These t hing~ , these things ar e weightless up there but they're not
ha:;kets thaL fly away , one
y ou get tlle ·e things goin , y ou gott a
:; .op Lhem 1.wain
i. l' you :; L:irLed pu:;r i.11~ , if you had a • •• some me· ns
,1t' pr OJJOI'Ul>n , you ' ve f~oL :;omcLhirw I ilH: the :;i.des of Lhis
able
KO ·ne,, 1.1.n
il' ' L l, i L Lhn.t. wall
OWll Lh1! r <; , i L ' c..l. go r ight through
i L .
'l'h.i s i~ tl'lc gen ra I flU ::; I.ion .I ' m 1(;1J.n i ng
t :
1~ it , wel , I ' m try­
ing to get i L . .. wiLh the
i~tjncLion -t,110.t you can u se it ••••• auto­
matic tape cl.a.bi.liz.ation..••.••
You ' d have t.hc :.;rune pro l m wi h automatic stabilization t hat y ou
would . . . . . "ure .
But wi.Ll:1 aut.owaU c stauilization you mlght , it would set down in
I' i.ne ( re i; • s Lune: ' Lo ) t he mo Lion wher
wj th tlYi :: thing you would.n' t •••
wiLh n g1U1 _yo11, prolHl.bJy , wo11Lll yo11 kn<M, how Lo find , you ' ve gotta
[' i llli ..... . . , .
Y1>11
111(•11.11 , .Y"" !1av,: l.q l'i 111L y,HH" 11.ut.0mal. i e stalii lization
s soon as
y()u ' v,· held un Lt a I, n hy Len box , i L wo 1
s L· bilize you and it
t.00 ·1
~n
_,
for Li1 ,
i.t wOL ld star
f' ring
W•lJ ,
i 1' y,111 <:ou.l cl :.; t • .I I hol cJ on
Lh
t:l.:.1.Ji.]i'I. r·.
Ul1
a1J wil.ltin limil.:; ul' Li:; conLroJ • • • • ••
Y,:tt.ll ,
[ Ll1i111<. ,VOii would !'i nd , )11l. Ll1;d. iL wasn ' L
esig.ed to do that .
::,•(.; ,
j I'
,Y )II
l11.1.d
It ::_y:.:;L<'lll
l,11:1.L W u]d :;l. t·av ,o y,) L •••

1
I
Y(Ht hwl
1..1. ::ys1,1~u,
1.111,.t
Wu.:; :;Lrappc~
Lo you ttai..
11:.1.d automatic ··i.,.abil.izat •on and t r anslation of a per son , well ,
than you ' ve got the whole of a box or something that you were hold­
ing when you we r e down in one corner of it .
I 'm sur e that you woul d ' nt
buve engouth stabili:L.atlon con\..rol author i ty
o handle the t r anslation
,1(' ·oml:thin~~ like that , be<:au1c;e yo u ' re putting your engine ...
Well it depends on his mu:; s .
AgaLn you said it ' s mas .
If it
were magnes.i.um bonds or ~ometbing , then.............. .
think we ' re asking ..... .
Y(::ah , well .r know what we ' re tu k.ing il;out--we ' re talking about
l,uild Lng a i;pa e s \..a.t on .
I ' m as rinx.Lous to do that us Lhe next guy ,
h
\..
\..h i<.: isn ' t qui Le wha\.. we looked into .
I H.p-pr e ciaLc you r quest i on ;
we cer t ainly have Lo fact up to lL. ...... .
On- sta.bilizat ·on , uh , su pose you were t rying to take of
(both pic­
\..ur es ) on Gemini , compared to Me r cury ....•
Wou1 · it take you what?
"uppo c,e you Lry to Lake one photo -pic\..ure of t he star , say thr ee stars ,
uh , w at do you th i.nk your s nsi.t i vity i n terms of an,,;ular accur acy
wou d be for ··a.v, L n s •c0nds or I.hr ~e secondr; focus,
ngular- wise
l,uL (who ) Luo k pic;l,tir - :~ n 1.' t.h _ ho j:;,on n.nd... . .. change s ··our degrees
1,t: r :;(acond .
Ol1 , c ,1er. 1.l1n.L ...... l.u UH~ d ,Y•~ll 1,a I Ilh)n'?
W, ·11 , iL ' :: 1i vr; r-y ::pc(: i:d qu c:::t. i u 1 vn p:c nerul i:c.ntion , you know,
_you ' r· , muv i rt/.~ ar·ound , l1u-w
c·1J.1\ you ,
c:u.i 1 you C-ut!rl\..erac
the motion
un U111 vc l1i<'J · , 1·or 1n::Lanc' , Ll1e Ccrn.i.ni ca11:;ule .... to t ake stabilizer •••
Ycu.h , yo 1' d liu.ve Lo , i 1· y ,H 1 W'ant \..1) t:onrpa1·e i
with Mercuey s 1.bilizer,

Belt 14
7
you have to Go back and get moment of impulse of the control system,
then apply it to the moment of inertia of the spacecraft, and then
do the same with the Gemini ....
No , in this case he ' d be moving a camer a .
Pardon?
Move Lhe camera to control the angle .
Do you jnst hold it?
You hold it, yeah.
We could take them as well as you could in Mer­
cury, 1:i.ccording to how stable Lhey tie it .
lt/s quite pos:.;ible that you couJ.d stabilize the spacecraft better
than you could stabilize Lhe . . . . .
Yeah, can you get that in the spacecraft . . ... . Thank you.
Uh-huh.
I would (use ) the spacecraft to stabilize it... to hold it out the
window, kinda hold i t out the wondow, you have to, you don ' t have
lo move the stabilizer.
The spacecraft is moving, that means that you 've gotta, you have to
move your hand al the , an opposite rate, or the opposite direction,
L.lie :rn.me t·at.e thal the ::.;pucecrafl 1::.; moving, I don' t think that you·
w.1.nl t.,,i do Lfltd, ,
l>CCt.t.USC yrnl ' ve 1;;0L U stabi liY.er thing in your
111-.1.nd lioldl n1.( it,, what, you \vould p rubauly do is brace your hand up
f.t.ga:i.n:; L U1e s.i.de of the ::.;pE1.c:ecraft lin<i take the pi ctur e , then you' re
going to get . . . . . .. .
Yeah, you sec we've got a site on the spacecraft (bl astoff ) that has
a rud.ical Uw.t you ' :re go.i.nµ; to light i 'or night so with the minimum
im._p11J:;e Lim!. we have in Lhe spacec:rart, we could fix it on a star ,

Belt 14
8
and g ~L a i' ixcd u.tLHude sLabilizecJ i n Lhis mo.nner .
It would pr o­
bably be r ather ... .. (unstable? )
• have the feeling it would be very stable .
ome of our section
:;iting
over there part icularly when we were wor king on the Apoll o
:3 l ting , where I wus keeri • ng u. certain fixed t wo star s on a ertain
l1J(:aLi.o
on m.v w!rulnw
:J.nd .Ji m ;J u0t. clo.i.np; i
"v<·i · t h<'t'
with pul es •••••
111; tHcJ11 ' t, t11.1vc; Lhe
c11<.1i ·:.il orI • •••
Ile hu<l the ra i ca) on .
On
ye ah .
. ..... .. ... . . You were well within :i degree t aking a fe w minutes
of oxygen .
You can hold it wl thln u d -gree or a quarter of a degree .
Yo
can ge t the exact answer to th.i.s if you just analytically••••
Do you have the data?
IL ' s not i n the order of hun­
N0 , I can ' t, qt1ot
.i. L to you of'f- han
My 0vc a.Ll j mpr ,s::;iun wn.:; t.ha.L w
W(; l.' <..: mor e
:_; t.,.1.lJle thaL I thought
we wou.J.
b • when we: warJt cd to stab.i I .i. zc .
. _ . . Wt: ' ve luoked flt our agenda here,
u.nd it I s got some general quest ions
i.n the end, ~et, l:l. good si..u.b"ili:.::ation ::;tudy go i.ne; ••••
'l'hu.t ' :; i'ine
1-1ere Lher
,.my more questions on the terrain photography?
I ' ve r~o L a question .
Can u fr.:llow, y u \mow look a:L
he movies an
.:,,c; "if wt ~ ~ot any Lcrr .l.i.ri 0 11 Llt·re '{
rnaLLc·r· 01 · f:.t.l ·L, T c oL tile
i.mpres sioti J'rom w,1::t.· you
howe
a .; y •;; l.<~ r ua.v 1lfl.L• i·rn)un , Llw.l. Ll 1t•re ' ;, qui ·e a hj L of t
r ain .
/\JL<
n.l :.:n snm • u I'
I.lit• )'J - 111 i) J i lllL L<.: I'.'
I' i Im::; .
c.:0m.J..

J:<: It J.4
9
ol' tlic j'.)- ntiJlimeLc r'?
Uh , yeah ,
ost of them are
I think, blocked , because we have to be over the
water, but, if I 'm not m· staken , on the lit tle bit I just caught a
J ook, i,here migt1 t, be some land bnnd ~.
Oh , ye:; ,
., ,J. muL Le c of tad,
you r; t Lhree or four
uh , t hey ' re
Loward l,he end of that box of 55- mill ·meter s.l i.de s .
Ii, shows spec ular
:; Lr
c1.11r<c:s probu'uly, tt1ey w !:tCn ' t
L:.Lk.1..m outside
they were over
/\i:;iu :.:omewher
buL they were reaJ.ly n.i<.:e .
Those definitely should
l,c blown up
cJ.lso the movle s .
We
id
uk
a lot of movies of the clouds .
~r~ di just, a couple of t imes , just turn the thing on .
We were n ' t
e;o ·ng to tak movies ar o n
us of Lhings that were still , and
1-run ed - to get, a
ig s Lrue; Lure of' L 1e .••••• area
so I took some over
Ll1e }!aclfir. , on i,hc - up over the northern Pacific between Hawaii
m
the UniL d ''L:\.te..: , abou L 5, '4, o
'.> minute8 .
We took a lot of ocelill movie ·.•••
Was there ever any qt.1e ::;Lion in your mind as to whether or not you
wer e looking nt elouds , did you always get •••••
I)ityl:i (J;tl L.
IJn_vl i gtiL o.ntl rdgltLLi..mc .
tl:iy.l i.gl1L , I.here .is 11ev ·r :w,y dotd.> L .
/\L ni1~l1L l,imc; il. i :J .k ' rnl 1,1." l1ani t.,l ~;,:' the t~r,iund .
u 11,
q1w:.;l. i.,,J1 r .r u1,1 t.lw pi <:L1 1n•:;, .i.t. djd noL U.FJlcH •
o be! Loo gr ound
!111L w<· r c _yu11 uik Lo t,e con:.:l· i.ou:: \> I" ti11zc or
u$t l aye
, say over
_you.i:· , e~c r t.:;
or even ovcr pol..l u ,iort arco.s or 1,; j ie s and so f orth .
W< •re you. con:;civus 01 · r: •c inp; Ll1e i1 1du:;tr-i.al pullution or the dust?

..
Belt 14
10
Over
or t h Arica a couple of times we commented on dust storms,
although they weren ' t really dust storms?
We weren't s re that was a dust storm, right .
Remember I said that
is a ........ , and then we said well maybe not .
It wasn ' t a <lust storm us you woul<l see it from an air pl ane where you
·cc the wind
J.ow· ng on or prior to the <leseri. .
I.Je
et: i. ed
i. t, wasn ' t
u.
.us t storm, j u:,;i a dusty haze .
Ovt.:r N r th /\1'ri a .
Ovt;;.t Nnr h Af"ricu .
Over no1·th Indi u. Lt1<::re wu::; quite a pronounced
lin..:;e r edor ed .
l wo ld way you we r e , far les s con:;c j_uu::; of i t..
In fact , a r ather
interesting thing , it ' s - on one of our first pusses over the Cape
I was looking on talking to the Cape at that time , I told t 1em
I could look own and see the Cape, launch pads
and everything was
quite clear .
But in fact
the weather
own th re was not clear at
till.
Some of the i'ell ows wer e leav.ing at t hat.. Lime to go back to
lk>uston , kml t,he vi.::;lbility was ver,y, very lo1v.
You could see a mile
p r• s0rn,;Lhin1-: 1t11d j _l. wu.; aLJ qu · t; •••• •
W,· c;u11.l< l :;L, ::Lr-ai.gl1L d< wn l1til. we r-,11iJdn ' t see Lhe hangover at all .
J\1101.h ·r- qut:::l,iu 1, di.d y 1lu ever
-
Gor 011 C oper m,te
tho: ther e
w:t:.; <•La Li
,,n hj:~ :radio l.he s11me Ljrnc when he saw ligh ~ening di~­
cliur ge on t11
g r ound .
f!.:l.(i you -
jll you get any stati~ that you might
!,ave correlu.L ,a wiLh b .i ng near di:;Lurbc
weather on the gr ound.
'l'fli. s i:..;
ort of a chanc:
ot.rnerva.tion if you made i t .
N , J rlon ' t Lhink I did .
N(l
1 d.irl.n ' L u i I.her .
We wa ..
:1. lot i1 1 i.ghten-· ng .
W, • -
•tJ • had 11<, •• .

,,
l ., .
J!cll. l '
No, I wou.LrJ.ri ' t :.:,1~y th1:;. t I d u
.
.
• I ~ucs s you would call i t but you couldn ' t ... it didn "t
. t a ny r ate .
Did you notice t he
. . with t he flash i f 1 • p_;htning . . . .
'rher
wuc nn awf1Jl lot of light ninc;
f;urc w.1s , .,outh fl!n ri r~ •'l.ncl .
/\.ny more covcrag . on t l 1c wa.t(:
p 1oto1--~r·u.phy 'l
Y<';;
on atmosp}1crlc- ph ,nomenu . . . Did you eel us t hough you would
l,ave Lj me to study t h m i.n" t rwneni..r.1.lly'
I mean f rom the t i me that they come
into vj ew until they pass out of v:i cw·t
Did you go t hrough the exercise
with the i nstrument -
l et ' s say a hand- held spectrometer or ....
Di
I phrase the question'!
I think so .
..... but I ' m not sure of t he
d ration thc:1.t your s tudic" r-equi r e .
Tho.t ' s m._y probl m -
I wu
t r ying to p;ct some re 1 as to the duration
!:bat y ou hncl nome t;l1j ne; ln
'i{-~h t .
. wl1l: n ~ you 'd f ly a l ong in r egard
l.<, wlluL th
w
Ll1t t · wa:-: :tncl you 'd :;1ty 0. K. , :LI.
'..> minutes a ter eleven
I ' 111 F~orna cl, i
11 i.;p ct romc tc.r-
r; tud,y 1Ln<t Lhen you 'd set the thing p and
Ht'..; minut •i; ur1;,r· 11
.vou w uJtl ... l,:1.rt jt or jg i t s omcthi11" where you
W< >u.lcJ
:;:1.y
. that ' s been repo t ed to
·1,,, ;~> rnil., 11or·i..l 1 or· Trj _p:iol i -
I 'm 1~oinr; to st-.tuty .... which of t hese
l./1 in{-'.:: ur· • .
.
.
.
.

Be:lt 15
2
I ri lookln(.~ :·(, r ,,1 ,,J(• 1· UJ
(Jrj Lh<; v.r oimrl 1,.nd t hinr.i;,; like 1,h1;1.t you juct don 't
l'jnd Lh ·rn '..,,00 rn.l.lcr: iri fronL o
yo u.
1/ow a out comething in the sense or a target, of opportunity'?
You see i t
without ad v n ea warni ng.
I woul think y Oli 'cl hav • or, Lhc ordc.:r o
a minute or 80 seconds maybe to
,. tudy i t i C you have y ou
( cq11ipmcnt ) al: eady mi eaged. if you want ed to
I ook at it y ou 'v' got to a im the SJ)/l('r:r: r af't as it, say .
A ·min£~ the :;pnc c.r.:Lf't
~!t-. it s not ,lj l'I :icult .
If' you've got a field to do
j
y ou can truck ,·tght on I! point..
II' y ou ~Hy
a t hunclcrstorrn, say, off to
your lef t, you could mn.neuvcr th
cp acecraft u r ound t here and just keep
pointing at it as i t wen t by.
About how many mi.lcs would 60 secons -
80 seconds
We] 1 of cou sc 2~0 down .
• •• II-.J ' o clown ­
'l'hat ' ... about 80 ::;cc·onds .
'rh:it ' s 80 secont1""
rou• hly .
'J. hfJ. t ' . right .
Fu
the (norm1tl) 11J l;.it1 1t ('
·1' vc
f~oL n w-l1ult· :;c•t ol' claLa ii' _yu 11 w:t1 1l. i t l'or va ious altitudes on just
Yo 1 ' v • r;rovjtJ.cd t·rniugh­
/Incl J thin}. ,vo-u t·a11 prol,n.li)_y :· c: , :i t. 1· nm1 the ;;01... down b l ow the horizon
T Lrij nk y o 1, <·an 1'. t a n •;i.J. i'.u~xl I' ·< ·J •i 111'. l'or :i L l
yot I
take a look at
:;1>mc ol' tlc• Lruc·klng
:i.lin on whlch we _ooked l'or an object on the ground,

Belt 15
3
f'ound the ubj ec·1., 1.1.nd then tr:--i.eked it all the way.
And as soon a s they
g t that film 1'J.ml put the pieces i
to make it - it's a sequence camera
it ' s not a real movie camera - as soon as they put the pieces in and in­
sert the extra frames so i t is in :-uh a movie camer a
I think you ca n get
, i real i
•11. of .xu.ctly how lone; yo1;
1·nn see .
So if you know how much re-
q 11 i r um~nt y ou lt:1,vc· 'LS
r-1,.1· n.r:
110:i nr-'. ,1/(lltr inst umc' n ation ts concerned, you
•·•tn L1·]l c·x:11.c·L.I .Y wl 1c trH'r you <'1rn
c11 · wl11J.L kind 0 1· meo.01tr-cm nt:::i you c:nn make .
'l.'l 1r•ri yo1
<·Hr1 1J.]:io l;l1co n •'l;jc·n.ll.. Y l.'i/,;1ir·e lt oui,, Loo.
'l1}1
big problem t::; to id .n·t;if·,y thC' ol>jc r· t
. If you ' t'e looking for a
::;p c: fi object, a. <:erLn.in thund.e r:;torm or the northeast corner of the
Red Sea or something, that means that you don ' t - you're not going to be
able to piek it up ci.nd aim the spc1.c:e<:raft at i t 300 below the horizon.
You.
~ goinc to have to wai t awhile .
You ' r e p obably not going to get it
IJj,ckc
out ' til lat •r
so that your tirn
on tl1e target is s oing to be less .
0
.ourse
you k now th
angc is cltan1~ing very rapidly.
'I'hat thing i
l1clo1,r you -
-::.ay it ' <> rt f-:ht 1 ·low your tra .k .
When yo,, irrt see 0 t of
0
.i I. ,,.
1.11:it J1'.;
1-'.<J i n1'. t;n lir. r J1 11-~f] y ;,oo miles r,.wn ..,y nnd L you paes over
~·
i L 'll h
~'()() ,n:!.I( •: ;
,' l.v/1L,V •
:;o tliul:, LI"' r,uige :i :; <:s sent :i :..lly doubllng.
I f
.v11u 1n· :irit,·n:~;b·d
i 11 ··01m-tll!n1.'. that. n·qLtire::; 1.m_ythinG like a
onstant
r;mgt ·
I don ' t 1rnow exucL_y lt w y o1i 'd d.o that.
T'lis i s a problem that you­
J>r .
J,r·t rn • t y to 1·c.•-phras
tl1;,,l; qncst:Lun . .
. . althOU{'.ll I think it wa s
. yo
we c tracking
T LI i11k. my 11.nr;wl ·1 · Lo .iL wu:; ;1 y 's , lluL let me t·ephrase the que stion a out

!,
Llie se tar gc L:; 1)1' opportur1i ty.
Let ' ~- take t he airglow for
moment here .
There ' s the night air glow, t he twilight glow and the day glow.
Now
ther e a r e no ...... of day glow.
That would t ake (perhaps a) second
exposure, and you know where to look the next time around, and (you can do
Lr,at forever. )
'.!.'Ile Lw-Lligllt td r1-~low m.i.f~I it t n.kc 10 seconds to 1-~ct
. .
/\n<l Li c rd e:h t, id r·r(Low y ou w-01.LL(l w11,n"L rnaybe l1 minutes .
Now ho\./ do you feel
:il,out i f tliat w-·r:c prop:r1.!Jl1Jn ·<l in w-i ti, prope
:,pc t ographs'? Either hand.­
Ii •ld.
r on tl e capsule .
Ilow (io y ou reel about i t '
Taking a one-second
c :x.'})O"ttre ~r the 1.lay p;lm-1 , a J 0- second exposur • o
the t wil ieht gl ow, and
:L 4-m-i.nut
exposure o
i,h ' n •gl t e;low.
You ' r
moving a.ll the time , but
the p l,- nomena ..u ·c .P ctt.Y mur:h the ~;n.mc duri ng that period.
One f,e ond 'r; no problem f o r ut; .
l•'ou r· mjnuter;, you m:i.f~ht have to be a littl8
l>lurry.
I t hi..nk y ou c:oultl probu.hly , ·i f' you tr·ied enou13l1
you could probably get a
10- s e ,;ond .
}'our minul, s-
Wcll o[' cou -~;c ttic: r,p r· tnc.rapl 1 1·a11 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. t he t i me to permit a fair
amount of 1110l~ion
L o .
'(uu '(l p; . t ~.umc LI I i n1-: Ofl Ll le­
1.111: :: p(.'cl;o1,'.1 ·a l 1 ,·u1Lld :;L•1.y-
i. 11 01 ·bi L, Llit) pc1·:;n11 would have t o gu ba k in.
::< , ::l u,r·Ll y 1d' L1·1 · 1.111.ct,
l.l 1c <' >CJ)Cr i 1111·11I, \v:is t ,·icll in u
ocket and the ro ket
:; L: di i I j ·1.1l 1..i rn w-:c:, it prnllJ. · in ,
too .
W" i Ll1 tim i n1~ a ·ter our minutes, the
,,xpo:; H c one tl:i.<l 1-:c t tlie ··:rx:1·Lo,•_: :1.pl1 b co.us
the thing was able t o point
1n i,i1.i. s (lj r·c d~iori
vcn tr1m11-~.h iL di <l 1-nl)ble u. littl~ bit.
I w-u11.l tll1 ' L Lh h1k y oi1 1 <i
W":t11L
l.() l1anil - ll)J 1l n. '1-
111:i.nute one , I' l l t ell you

Belt 15
5
t.J1at­
No, no.
You 'd have to be spacecraft-modern.
You could get the rates down low
nd you could­
0 . K. ­
You <·ullld c rta:i nJy holcl it wHhin a lib.lf a tlcgree .
:But now your half-degree-
You ' d h~v · t10.lf- clc1;;rcc: ton~s w'L t.;r1j n L11c spa,·r ,·ro:ft •
( I think that
w)1u<l do J L) .
•ell t ' ~, all r.igl,t .
You can build :i 11
i <:c:r.ta i n a.mount o
smear ( so you can
,~ t. u. very good c'lny) .
Le t. m
ftsk you an Lf1 ·r thin/~ -
What is the air glow that
Wnit :1 secon
you ' r, . lookine; 1::1.t now.
llow 1,dll you l ook o.t tliis't
Whe e !:I.bouts is it
(;\Oine; to be'?
Well, i t will c at the hori:.wn, or u. tlegree or. two above it.
I know, but you sec , you 'r looking
t - the horizon behind you i s gone
rlonw -
by very r,:i.st .
rhc airglow is essentially - if you' re looking at a
0
(l:i ffcr-cnt 1)·
·c of the 1.tire:low -
110 1~
L11
horjzon at a certain spot .
Now
:t 1·c yuu Hi-il'I/-.',;
l:.t J1okl,cltind you :u,<..l Jook a t continually cha nging airglow
(,1 · ]\l<>k i n 1r 01 it·.
1· y(.iu 1Lnrl. •·cc a c·OJ1t:.inualJ.y c·hanginu; airglow or a re you
;~\l l1 11'.
L;o Lr ·y rtn I :Look
01!l: u.i; n •i p;ht :i11 viewpoinL and try to pick up a pie e
r,I ' 1,.-11·1;,;low 1J.nd
l.r-11.,·I•
• •••
'l ' l11 lL ' ::
.'1 V<·r ·y l:-'.ond q1wcU011 .
I W\ltLld :i:1.y one would 1ie v ry a't.isfied to
Ha Ha Ha.
01 10 0llou..l I also t.:ry tl1<~ otl 1cr exp r·imcnt .
I clidn ' t Jt'l('lln t:.l1;tt I <1:i rln ' L tl, ·nk or your expc iment, Dr.
I djdn ' t
tnt : ; 1n
Lo <·omplu :in .
i':1.1 ·L uJ' tl1 (• 1'.11.r11•··
,,
I'' I
I'"

r,
, •:csj_l_y done tha.r trying tu Ln1c:k 1:1.
,; •rtai n spot in the airglow because
that mea ns that if your flight pat
i s this way, you 've got to aim the
spacecraft over here and t hen you 've got to track it along like this .
I t would seem to me that it ' a easier to just put i t s ome place and hold
it thee .
MM-hmm.
And cspecin.lly f rom t be :pil ot ' s s tandpoint when you 've got a guns ite or
r·omething like it.
mn i nto:Ln that apacecraft essentially wings
.level with ... and ii' th
pitc:b Hti.,itude ' s paper, you don 't have to
wnrry u O\Jt the t;rnnslntj_on FLc·rosG the ...
'l'li.i. c j ., a q_u.csl.jon on hoth '.> ,rnrl 6.
Tn terms o f" pre- warned subjects , like
thiu ~ort of th 'ng.
/\ lot of
pr·e-wurn cl au.b Jc<:1.,r; .
'l'o your eye
liow 1:ar 1,clow the !10 i zon could you
.eel you could pic..:k up say 11 wea tli . r phenomenon .
Now you ' re not l ooking
Lhrough the atmosphere at somcthi gin the
tmosphere.
Do you feel you
1:ould see c.ay 10
0 bel ow tb
horizon'!
Can you (:ome up with some e stimate
there .
I f you ' r e pointed head csscn t ·in.lly try the plane towards it so
i t ' s ln y 01Jr winclow.
WouJtln ' t
ttri:_; dt ·pc r1d. 11pon wl1nt; t <-·
J..llic'ril)IDen n wu.s­
•·uvv r·<·cl
11.
! COO mil :': llfl t;Jw ::i dv
lii., •~; make it more
' ,00 111i L r; I>r1 1;1,.. :;i( <' -
I ' d ll0 ab!,· I. , ., c tl1:.tL at 10(_ below the horizon.
Tl' .it. we're· l l
.li11< · or Lll1wd1·r ·:;L 1·in: ; ,
.I
t.lllnk p r· llably 20 or 30°.
I f
:ro1i ' r ' lolil<.int: 1'01· ~om<· 01 · the trdnr~:; Lh::tt we Wl
c looking for at 30°

Uclt 15
7
l 1c.low (Jw l1(11·i·:,(Jr1, I
l,f1rn111,ld, 1.h,,.I. 1,,,,_::
'L p;ool p.1:,.r·i: Ln J1;ok f'e>r :an1dl ob­
.1<:r·Lr: .
W'J1,, n w, · :llL.'J :'.Hwd.1 CJl,,)cr· Lo>
tt1c:y hav e: Lu ttav
h1.rge identifying fea,...
Lures near them; mayb if we 're going to start l ooking f or something like
the
. . . . . . . . . . . . ( could be a cloud)
-th Hcd fie,
. 30° Jclow the ho izon> I think you could proba.bly
r3Lart; piclclne; jt 1.tp .
'fld.s is below tl1e: apparent hor i zon.
This is below
Lhc lor:al l1orizontul.
H•ig} L.
l\r:, to w-11t .r and land yrni cny ii, mn_y lie ?O t o '50°.
As
or .l ouds , perhap s
abouL the same ,
01· mayl>c furU-, r up·t
A little furth r up.
Furth r up.
To tell the di-rrercnce b.tw
n a "'torm a nd jw:: t a sheaf that ' s so far
ol'r tk1t y u can ' t tel l jf i ' s just, u ::,heaf or c.:louds or is it onestly
a st rm nthcrin ,.
o0
You r·P.c ac you f~ t farth r out th re .
bel w the ho izon
. . when you ' re
l.ooki r11-'. J:i kc• tl1n.l, you ti.on ' L know Ll1c d.i r-rcrc111 ·<' -
One degree cithe
s1de
(•o ver:: 100 ' :: 01 · mjlc" , co if.' you ,-~r·L rl1;ht
wi1 below you one degree either
:::id<' cinJ y (' )VC r:i 1.t c·oupl
rrd .I.es .
: : . •i.f' you r,ct too l'los to t e hori­
:1.on
_you'1·(•
•nJJ.y not; c· n tninr~ itny p int o tL t here . ­
'L'loe puLnt !:; ,
:i r I r;ci.. 11v l'or say 5ct 01: 20
hclow the' horizon, would
I.hat 1x: a /'.OOCl pla<:c: to /.;j V
r.t man 11
v1 lue on to set up·?
J think 20() wo11.Lu lle ( (•;t::;i(.;) ", y s . )
J l;hink ';20() w u.l<l Ii
ea~:ict·.

'(,11; :pirJL
·1 u1 ' L dilT<:rr:11L.ird, ; iri wh1,.t :1rnt ' re l1)u v.·i.nf.J; aL.
Wcl.l you c., -(; we 'r~ plH.yJ ng 1:1. csamc he re between giving you enough time to
cet on it so you 're on it when you get ther e and at t he same time not
so far t hat it ' s wastine time.
Really to me you 're not wasting t ime at al l when you tell me where to
start even
f you start me way out.
1ro tell you the truth, I want to
start looking as soon as I ­
O. K.
1 '1
l,ell you 1111 this though , jf you ' r - just eoi ng t o give one time-
No.
'rhat ' r, no good..
\.J11il'l1 time woul, y·ou like , row?
I was talking-
If you. ' rc 1.i;oing to give them multjple tlmes, you know, start early and
just ,:ontinu. out, but if you. ' re cj 1wt ~oing to give one time, then I 'd
.
0
suy 30 .
30°.
Or 20° maybe , but no closer to th horizon.
From the earth ' s horizon.
That ' s about 45 half the horizontal, or some-
It ' ::; ,{bout'.> .... .
.
.
• • • ?O.
No .
..
. ..... - . . ... .. .. .
N<, 1;.i r· iL :..;ur< · i ,;n 't.
M(ln· ,Lboul. a minute and A. half.
Then he goes .
'(uu ' v,· 1-'.0L t;u 1•:1' t it nt: 1.11 on it. .at··1.v ,,11ough L.,, l111ve the same kind not to
throw ul.l
.Y<)lU' w'l:jgl1t, l'j ,J,li~ pi('k·i 11g .-u·ound mKL wait for it
o
a long
t i me .

...
'J
. . . your reul key, t hout~h 1 s t rio ir t titr~ you look a t i t
it ' s pretty harr to find i t .
As soon as you' ve gone by it once , maybe
mi ssed it once, the next time you come through, you can give it up there
at 10° if you wa nt .
You know exactly what you 're looking f or and you
rr-1.i.:J n ancl pcrhr:1.ps
l.i ttl J.'u.rU t _
up f or wct1. ther. . . . . 10 further
know what ' r: com ·ng before and you v.o right up to it and get a
Cn.u.,,
you' r-c s Ly1n ~ nbout 30 to do t t1at or lt-'.; down .r om the horizon for
0
t
a
r
up i'or· w - 1.1.Lher on a f:I rsl:;- on u. dw.nc:c basis t uri;;et of oppo tunity .
I just wanted Lo 1-1.sk you thut in your -
part II of t his -
under the great
and under the terr:Lal -
what is t l1e r;;round altitude that you took 4
shots with the pitch down -
I don't know if both of you were up or not .
You pitched down and you fired a thruster as a preliminary to t he experi­
ment on t h · red:incal lir;ht to see how much t he thruster flame would and
could int r-fe:rc wi t
t he t:Lrget.
I was just wondering what you actually
obs rved on t he:
/\ny brigh t·,n ss of the thruster and. eo -f."orth and if 1t
c:ou.ld have any
err •r· t on l;h' l.Ul'.'f:'. ·t.
I )nvc n I t f rn,u 1d. l'i photogr aph Y.t .
W-c.Ll on c Jmc t h:L1 lg 11k · , you 'd b •I, Le l " n~nlly 1-~c l: over there and l ook for
t hem be cause th ·y 're ,.~o:iN< to tll.rll 011.t bal ck
nd your polaroid probably
l sn ' t e:;oinr'. ·to pr-j_nt them.
'l 'lJC ,V ' r-e i n the ;l;-.1ek-1w d-w}r i t . niJ .l , arcn 't
LJ1 ·_y?
. . . . d.ueumcnL ouL
( ) JI t he tape .

.Lldt l'.;
lG
'!'hr..: <l u curn(:11L
0 1JL ,,n U,c l:;upt: 11. rad
·1
1,1,Jnlr. th1;i.L'r: :pror,: r,Jy the part wher1c:
l,rie ti.pc .
.
I believe lt ' s in the book t ere , 'Eirn.
Do you re(;all how they came out?
You could see ...... light or .
Oh, no. No. It ' s in the Sf.l.lll ball park, but the diagonal light that we
snw mn.ybe once or twice .
You looked l ike you saw it on e , and
You did nee it once .
Well , we t~10u.gnt we djd i'rorn what w ' tl been briefed up to ....
Did you draw a pic:tur - of i t yest·r.d,iy't
Yeah .
I could comment .
W talke
q_uit
a h .i t about this afte
t he GT- 3 f light
and I know Gue arcl John oth hacl q 1 ti t ci a bit t o say about i t if you want
lo heck t he not•s on it.
You mean on the-
On the bright
Lh r.u sters, yeah .
Wa it a s cond .
I t hink tr1ey may l 1a.vc been talking a lot about the re- entry
r;ontrol syst m.
No. No .
No.
Do you l<now w:tw.t c·n uscd you to s .e :i L'?
Was .it efle ted o f the space­
,-raft or wa::; it an uu.ra
f f~low s rn whcr
around­
/\ glow rrom bch:lnc.L.
You ' re ju:·L ::; . , •jrp; ·that .. ,·Li on o r· tl,c glow tlio.t comes your way.
Nuw -
I:..; j L pr:Lmary or ::ec rnlu r-y ,'~ll)w.
Was jt parti 1 s themselves
Lo l.11<:
.j 1'.i1L,
ni · ym1 t;hink 1·<:1'l(~c l;.i on·· off t he )articles t hat were round?
J clon ' t; thi nil.. you <·ou.l.(l tc 1.1.
It w-11.~.; ';o dim, you ouldn 't tell.

Belt 16
I
on ' L trd nk y ou e: 0 1 1
hel p -
­
You d i sc sBe
yesterday p articles of space junk?
Yes vlff: did
do you hav
any partic1dar q estion?
I
w o1il rJ like Lo h11.ve the in r·orm.1V on ·1uter
thougr1 .
We .. wltat w:i., yo11r-
quei_;Lion '?
l
was ,ittsi.. c11r •i()11s f.tllo11L L11c mn.ounL of' j nk you had al,out
he space ­
,·rai'L .
Ji'r-om t.l H:: spucccruf:t?
Wcl.J., 1·r om Lhe:: .;pa.cecraJ'L uud also I.he amount :Ln the spacecraft?
J•'rom Lhe spac en.a.ft:. .
I am rtL)t tal king about any .strange par Licles t hat appeared.....
/\nd 11.J :,o , when _you w r • cmtsj clc Lhr~ Sp:J.c:ecrafl., whether you coul
J,_,;c:p :.1.ny ec~umc;tr-y ol' F;.11_y ,j unk off l.1 1,~ sp:;1.cecra ·t.?
Par ticu)ar the
:,;pactTc1:J.ft ,,nc;l c uf vj ·w.
I didu ' L .-;1•c any -
­
Y <>1 1 diiln ' L :pc ;.i.11.y
pu.1·1.i,·Ic,s -
­
::,,.l.r· l Ii l.c!,; , >r· p1,r·l.i,:lc•:; l' lullLir11-~ 1u·., 11i1d .
I
::,,i,w
1.11 • 11: lnv e 1-'.lo:i L ol'J' .
11.
w1~:~ a ,1c f' i rij I.<: .
1111 1. ii. w,•.:~ 110 1. .smitlJ psr- 1. i cl(; :.;
t'l o1Li .i1tG off 'l.11c :.,pacec,a t?
Tl 1( : n : w,:rC' a I I k i rid:, .
J11 il, .Y <> 11 li ~LV<~ 11,) /'.!~O111cLr i ca.l
pi. c.: t1u· , ol' LJ1ese w! 1e n yo
were outside
I.! It.;
:.; p: I.C C (; r:.1. 1' 1, .
Wl1en _yt,1t d.1trr1p the urine, you
I I
1 ••
·, ·: 1 I Iv lic •:1111. i 1·u1 .
:,;n0w flakes

2
ul 1 ~,vc.:r .
;,i_i 11 i.om: 01' U em .
And Lt, doesn ' t make any difference
whicr. way t.iey are going but
ou can see them come off by the window
and they look like they are going off spherically , from what you can
see .
ow maybe they a e not going out the back, but I doubt that .
n·
you see them al any other t ime?
Glenn mentioned that h e had
:.:een L!tem , ice e:ryst,als
,h .Y wercn ' L associated with such situa­
1.·onc r:1.c t1i.3 ­
Y01
see a r·ryst..:d or Lwo go tJy _vcr-.y once in a wh'le .
You k11ow,
Lb i.JJk Lll:..1.L Lhe.se u:r c a:.::.:oe:iated wi t,ti systems in t he
sp1:1.c <·raft .
'l'llc
xltuus
Yes , we ' v
got, ,•~ water <.;ooler 1..1.nd I.lie water
:Jc parator and the suit
loup lllt.mps i.ri 1..ltt. water anu Lh
v1i.poro.tor , and t, er e ar e thi ngs
going over bourd .
.[ think th1:1.L it might
)e pret Ly obvious that L 1ey ' re f rom the space ­
r;raf1, .
'l'hcy ar e going away genera Lly .
.L th'ir1k a point Lhat JJm made, and [ !,hink I ' v
made it clear , but
nay be not , U1aL Lh 'Y wcr • ac 1,11u. ly goin.g smaJ l end forward , actually,
t lie l'ir · t. l. imc W<' w"rC 1:~)illg f'r-onl, r~nd forwar
quite a
· t , and it
11)0],,•it I ik<: Lil<' :;l,re:trnl illcs wcr' t'.ninis back, arn you
hought
well
l.i1:tl. i :; I.IH· v/lJ,.Y
i I, ~,1t1-'.l1 t.
L<l 1-\u ,
L11,•t'(' is a l i l .I
b '
01' flow .
Rut
::<:v .... 1·11.I
l.irri,·'.:
v-1• · 11:<il. 1tr'<>111HL l.ll t.t1)i111-'. :.:inn!. . end t'orw re
:1.nd the stre am­
I i11 • :1.11tl
I.I,•· Li 1,1, 1, , pu.r· l. icl •:: wt: l' !'.l>ing eqtu.dly as W<.:11 ti is way .
::n
I
k.1,,iv-1 1,hu,t, U1is i:, a l,IH.:u r·,y
l,11aL :wnie p1..:up]' had Lhat there is
<'r10111~lt )HJ.rt. i (' l L::; ev 'n in ti. ver·y r •d11ccll !'low area to cause a stream-
I inc: l,ut u.11p:ir,:11Lly not..
r:u r 1lw 1 Cu,1p,· r· ~::ii d lie L11ou1-';lll. Ll1n.t lie could tis
it as a yaw r efer ­

Be;lt 16
3
'l'hc: 11,.t.r·Lic: I c•;~ comi.m~ 011 . Lhe back .
i'.1.tL 1.11 ·n we; :;aw U- 1 .L
,~ co1lld ~,,,b soJ utC;ly coul ,.i not use it as a
_y1J.w .re;J'er enc:c: .
'l'h1~y w ·re go ing ::; tra i.gl it, 'o wurd .
/\n,y way .vo 11 W<!n: goi.ng , l.hc:y were :d wny:. flowiue with you , and it
wu · tl 11.·re wu c : l.wo nrinc d 11 mp sy:.; l.c;1r1:; on th · :;v at;ecr a1·t , on
dumped
111il. LIH, r1 1;:l1L t,;i<e and unc.; durnped 11,1L I.lie 1 1·1, si. e .
Tht: one on
l.he r L/-~h l. ::; i.dc _yotJ c:ou I cl s e ouL l.!1c r Lt~l1L w i.n uw and Lhey would
c vcnl.w..1.J J.y come on the lefL :::ide 11m l you cou ·lcl .,ee t hem out both win­
_ows .
Predominantly on Lh
right side .
Whe
yo
dump d from the
1 ft s i.de ,
LL wri.., predomh1a c on tile
eft
side .
'l'hey al vtay::; ri.pp -ar cd to l;e
pl'1eri c;.1.l .
·tu1t r; n, .Id Look
0111. and l,licy w r e 1~1, i n1'. s t -rai /:')1 L -
you know you
wuuJ.u I ok u1 1L an<l Lhc_y wer . g0inv. :; t. r-1.1. Lght
11 l' Lhis wuy .
'I'll •y wer
v ~ry l1r i ll:\unL .
/\::. u 1riaLl,e t· of L'ae;L , Lt 1c; pr-Ltjest. :;i1~1it.
f
1.11<· whole flight wo.s ­
yuu ' d J
l.l,js .r-i gl1L 1;. :;11ns ·I. uml _y 1 >1t vl<.lllld h;,1,vt• a pcr l'cctly black
:;ly 1-1i!.h 1J.II Ll1cr_:u -
wi t.h L111: s1m :;l1 i 11ir t/!: on :LJl the se par t icle s .
I l. .,,,. t:; re:J.J pn:L l.y .
/l1:.1.L w-rc: yoi1r Ll,0111'.h L:.;
l't.-/'.llr Jlll/~ 1,1 tr-l. i 1: ·11aL i 11c: in th'-'
oor ina. ed
1'. row1n - :::pucc:1·.r:tl'L •~>CJ>(;r•i.me:rtl
wl ; r<: :; 1ml .hing
1: 1s to be
one
n
1,11 . 1~r,,und f'nnC" 11 cr<:ril, J,y
w ll.l1 yoltr -
dtJ i nt~ S (l11<.: .hing else
f r om .,he
:; I ,:;.c ·1'€ : r-:.1.l' l. .
I l.l1i11k _y,, 11
w1111i d lie :t!,!c Ln do :; i1111l:ll1 i nc; l il, • Lhat .
'{,>1
1111• J.11
l :t.Yi 1\/'. twl. p:d .l.,· 1· 11 :; ,in l.11<·
1'. r·u11nd r·u r· visual .
t ll1 ,
J, · L ' :.: :::i._y ::,·:t l.i111'." l11 11Ti, ·1i11t ' d r· :.:,)1111.:Lhi11;~ ;.;uch ns that where

~E:lt 16
4
_yuu would vi.sually you WOl1ld oLser vc something clown below you .
We we re essentially oing someth i ng like that on our flight - on our
f' ight plan , and we didn ' t follow i t exactly.
We were getti ng
informa,ion f r om the gr ound on when to do cer tain thi ngs .
We wer e
r,::s nt,i:J.ll.Y ,Juir1t_'.; i,hr.i.t.. .
'l'I 1(.;_y Lu I cJ u :; ~,h
11
W(; w • r<; cuin i rig )v, • r· C:nrJa ,
1t h11 r-ri can ' , and the
l111r-rj<.:nnr-; n1.1.m(; , e~i v : a.<.:r; ll1 in l. ::; ul' U1r: ~Ktensiv
L;]oud areas .
.L L wa~
1 nfort..un Le at t..hut. 1.jJnc i.. huu1.~tJ • trie r e w re no c.:haracteri st i c
clouds i..ha L charucter i zed a t r opical s Lorm .
'!'here was just a big
::::truct r e or cl ud mas s
we took some pic t ures of i t .
They don ' t
ci ve you. t..h ' c i r c.:ulati.ori Lhu.t you would like to see , but they
<.:n11 tell yo 11 -
tl1.i s is wtint we did on the gr o und t r acking too, t hey
1,old us wl,c ·c
t..o Jook Lo p.ick itp <·c r-l:1.1..i.n tar gcLs .
We <lid , we pi cked
vi•; d id. 1,/-te :~ IJ.Tne
rJ,(; Lu.al) y .,,i th g . L t, i n1-(.
Ln t.,
t he anomaly .
We had
r-cq1 e~ 1,e<J p >Si tio11 v e.tSL!S aJ.L • tude .
We llad to hange time and run
ours
()WTl u l ittle it .
As a mo.t't..er of f a t
we got orbit tracked up Lli re which we couldn ' t
rctLll.'f do a gr eat d.ea.l with o,tr own selves because the or bit t r a ck
J1 1i1l
Li1'.1e u, ,<;k
r·i gl1L u.J.ong iL and we covld irn.le-µcnden ly know at a
1.irne when W(; were; r..:oinil w o v r ;in 0 11,jcct of in t.cre s t
n th~ gr ound.
1,:r1 , di_d ,y ou ex:r>• ri.cncc any
.iJT · cull..'f in operaUon o
t he .. .... . ..
.' Lili n<-lL :;11n, wl1eLl1t• 1· we bud 01ie
r two
rlil'fi c·11II.I•·:; wi l.11 jt,_
vJl1t~I! WV -
I lir,111gl1L Lile' ,:rnner 1:1. IJll kin and
1~:wc.; i I.
l.0 ,J i rn, lie s ui<I
i I, .,n w .;c.;t, ,ir1 u l>o 11t. .. .. .
I ,1. wl11: n y ()11
l11 t r1 cl c.!d ii. I.,, Ill ' :;um• l.i 111<. ln.Le1·.

,
:Belt 16
5
:,ome t i me later , but we don ' t know whether we got gimrr.i ed around i n
,he s a cecraft or whether it wa s my big fat handed ·glove I tur ned
Lhe wheel and actually tur ned it about - you have t o turn it thi s
way to find out what y ou turned it _to and I aJn afraid - of course
J: he] d j t Ui •3
~,u.y and I could huve ci rnc that w· t h the hand on the
v I t)t.:J< .
'.:lo , Lit i.::: mi 1-~hL l,c urn.: :::ou.:r·,·< · u I· <.:rror-
wh i.ch wo ul
hav e been
, Iii..:
l.1.1 Ll,e 1.>1H..:rul. i.un 01· .i. L.
i\no Lh,; r- "nc tho ueh , t hat we had prior
t.o tl1c Lim(.: t haL c >ntirn1<)llS tuk.lng plcLures, the inside .shutter
(loesn L ba<.:1< -
oc::m ' t op .n -
:.;o y oI1 drop the J'ront shutte r all
_yo11 ,m.nt and you get a black J'rmn' :,.nd we go t, quite a weries of black
f'.rames on L11e 1':i.Jm .
But thi~ may lie u. mechanlcr.i.l problem t hat we
had, as fa-r as oper ating Lhe c1.JJT1e r a , t.11e moun t ing of the camera on
the gun l tself, made it difficult Lo operate .
'1.'he s ame th · ng, if
you had a crun.erc,. tl1a.L was j foot w.Ldc and one and one-half foot
.Long it WO il l.<.J l;C! hu.rde r Lo OJ) :r-a.te .
I reuJ.i.zc Ll111t .
I ri i,j_cctl thut in oft(; of y our' shots from the space­
<· nd'L .YOH l1 u.<l
1.1 wh i Le ~we .u · i n LlJ
pr i r1L .
Now , is thr.,,i., one y ou ·
1· x. pc.: ri1 :nc ·d ul.s,1 d11r · n,v; .vu11r l.r-ai.nin1-~ period ':'
'1'1 1<; wl,il.c :~111c1n·,
I lle li :v~! i:: I.IH;
1' i cl.1ir·c Ji111 t.ookof Llie window,
·,.rnl
i i. l11.1.<l
LJ1.1 lL ::,m1 :n r· ,,11 L11c wi ndu~, .
i!u ,
1. 1, i .<.;
w ,i.:;
i n Lh <.:
p:tiJ1L l.1..s•lf.' .
Yu 11 loow Llic 01e I 1uureferring
Lu .
Yu.:,
1,1 10 0 11.; yo11 t ook .rLe;hL r 'iE hl. l'r nt. nos e straigh t int o Jim ' s
window .
Is Ll1js the un ·' wi LI, Lhe whil.t: syme t..clcal st r eak all the
'l 'iii.1.L ' s rt g l, L.
'l'lH: r t · ;1.rc; : , 1·r: rn11 : :; .

1:,-'.Lt 16
le i..LJ' not. '.~IH't; wh :,,t,
Ll,c,_y
1.t.rE: i.tL ,;.I f .
6
'i'l1ere is a ::iymmei.r i.c:al one on each one of them .
~/ell , i. t goes back acr oss the fi lm~ about 90 degr ees.
I s it stra ·ghi ?
:~tra.l!:!:ht ,
i.L ' s a ]')retty ,
·he same w-i tlL!1 all the way across .
·1 L m Lr.~l1L b<; ln.Y !it1.IJ11cl. L L<; - down GLrnp .
I\Ju , l.11is
W'IJ.,~ a <l il'I' rc: nL
•r.po!.:11 c!; 011 1,utr , sicJes .
'J'l1 is i.s par I. ic:u.lar too, l1eca1 se tht: exposure goes all the way
1:.1.<...:ross the fllm .
You .......... .
It is noL with ·n the
r rune itself.
So there ls a p eculiar ity there .
Wjth respect. to the bl ac.;k f r ame , the people have looked at it and
tliey don ' t Lllink t.hi.s j s a mechan •c:.1.l pro le .
It is <1.n exposure
problem mo ·l, likely .
We ar c .i.nves1, igating i t further .
1 also , was
ulk ing Lo some people on I.he cam n.ts on i i.. and they
l'1!lL I.J1nL il. wus an imag
of some L_y pc wi t.h U,, br ightness out there ,
I.L wouldn ' t b e black .
'l'l1cn~ wou.L·
I,
an im11g
L11 .r e yo1i c:u11.J.d bring i L out .
Ar·i] L/1c:;e Lhings reull,y bl.a.ck. , or j :;
LJ1e r e anything on it?
Wt-, 1.1 , 1 dor1 ' I. lmuw .
Wr~ .ittt;I, helrl i L trp J ike t.!ti.~; and looked down , a11d that is a 0u all
we•
111;1.vr~ done., Loo , ,Jim .
T d.un ' I.
u1.· 11k ­
'I '! 1:1.!,
i ,;
LJ 1e: , ,n J y w. y l I u.1 ve nn
i
C:ll11 J d11 ' L see ·Lll., thi ng .
•L li:wc,11 ' I.
r- 11n
1.1. 1'.uud. <10Lai Led :JL1HJy .vet .
l',1 11. u,. :; l ,r· i 1-'.lrl. a1J
i I. ic ,i1il. l.111'1·,~ , .i 11::I, ,·emcm L'1 · t.ue
ii wa s my
l.lwn· .
I iJp11 ' I.
:;,•c! l1ow , (•vc,r, 1,t. 11. ll >OO ; t,,ca11S1J wi h the recommended

7
:~c, LL i n1~ I
Li't." n.k .is abou L '.:>UO that you would have some type of an
underexposed someth ing yo
can see ....... .
I think so .
Our measured success of that camera hasn ' t been high.
I 'm al'raid every time we med it ,
j t failed .
()f cour·!;e
we are getting fl
of the se thin{"s , but when we go t o
l) ,
Lr<1.ce Lhern
own, we can ' t rr::nlly Li_e them down .
We Ll, I can tie do'Wrt al;out ;; Limes for you .
When the film in the
td .ti Lwle chamber in exa<: Lly Lbut moue , the shut Ler doesn't fall,
Ll 1c mir.i:or in L11e l;ack doc,::;n ' t fall.
I L' s
~ ~ )t a lmnd.le <.>n tlluL one and he discover d the r E:ason for i t .
'l'l1cy l1ud i,I1 Ls c1uncra bcl. 1, u.L McDormcJ.l r igh t no-w .
'J'r c twc we had o u L 1e .f'.L.i ght .
'l'tie onE: we ha.d on Lhe flight and they ar e l ooking at H to see if
ther e we r e any of those kind of' event f'r ames, that t hey found .
I s t hat the one -
­
No , the problem that they found in the altitlJde chamber was a b ent
part, .
But they don ' i.. know how it J';Ot bent , they don ' t, know what
mude j L bc11 , buL t.11cy· 1..1:r:e going Lo look at Lb.i.s camera to to see
i 1' l,li r:c wr'rc n.lly of' tl1ose kin s o l" frames n.p11arent .
I l.hi1 1k
w-hul. i. " ul::;o
1-nl.e rcs Ll11g
i ,l , me .
I r emember l oking in the
J. co1 J I c1 Looi\ at, t.tie ro I J o I" U1c or i c; "Lnn.l se ()lte n(.;e and I think we
r:uuJ Li ulmo;~ L Le I I Li' we lln.d u co.mer.a fn.i.lLtre ur we hucl an e xposure
I·a u .1a-C; .
I11- r:a.11:.;1..! L.l1" 'x-posu ce fall11:r , you l1ad lt , :t'rom then on

8
.Y<)1t1· J i c:Lucc: .~
1-1<,ulrJ b<.: I; I,J.<;k uri<l m,lyl,1; .i.f you riu.<1 a r c,.ndom failure
o l' U-1<.:: mirror l,:.J.c:k ther e .iL might Lake a pieL1u-e somet ime , sometime
not .
The oack plate - there were exposures on almost every frame.
There weren ' t these , I g1less a fairly lar ge number of f rame s that
w-ere 1>lack .
vlr.: r r.:
1,1,<; l'r-:lJne:; ir1l.c rm i1, 1.t:n1.l_y thnl. ,tc r e blac:k on these ?
,l<J ,
11< 1 ,
l.b1,.t, l
c1,c:1ilJ .
.1
l~,oked -
l d Ldn ' t luoh at all of them
i,uL
l.ookvcl 1.1.L
1)., J'uLrl.Y 1~oorl :Jtri11/~ u1' Lhem antl thero were a
cou-p tc ol' t.he:m, one: or 1.w-o p oi.nt::: , one point wher~ ther e is a small
over.lap in Lhe frame, buL that i s uoout the only problem that we
rou.ncl on the black and wl'iite .
\✓ell, are ther e except.ions in the color that. a r e black?
In the color, yes .
There are .
I tMnk this is -
­
l don ' t, know - ­
'l'hcre Ls no i.rnJ i en.Lion Lha.L you goL a random l'uilur e in the mirror
I.hen'!
1, i.eht. , you :;cc we nr e upplyj r1g U1j_:; un GT- 5 .
'j'trr ee experiments
1w<l we 1.t.re kind ol' c.;onc:crned aliou.t I.hat .
I Lr, i fl~, yo11 [;hou I d be r-u,•.1..ll,y .
IJ i <l .'J'rn :;c<· <Jitsl, JHLrt.i,· I<::-; r·.1outin1'. u 11t; the ca.l.) Ln when you had the
I 1: d,r;li open .
l.t' .vou did , wl1al. J'lon.L,: u ,)uL'?
Ye·:.; , we <li<l ~;cc tlt1::L JF•.r-Lt<:1<! 0 , Ll1<:rP was dusL. 1·ioatinc; f r om the inside
l.11 I.I,,. 1111l.:;idu,
J: l.l1i.r11< l.l1c\.V Ut' <.:!
,j1 r:;l, g,l"Lng J'r-um o. high p ressure area
1.,, n. low -pr-(.::; s11r 1· a r011. .

9
..
B-=lt 16
/\nyw,,;,y
my suit J.eu.ked th y all do you know s o that 1.here is
cetting something on the inside , also, we had a lot of things i n
there that were probably outcast .
/\lso , Lhe insides were dirty.
I
on ' t agre e wl th that.
There was a
efinite t'low of par ticles
:·ru 1 1.n
irir;ide ,o the outside .
liow
j d you ge ,
rlE: glc.rve outside .
l
t..111 nk Llmt may have -
­
o , Lh
glove wasn ' , put out , it went out by LLself .
J cun ' L say L'ur <•ure U1uL anyone hi L i L, but Lh re i
somethi ng
ver.v inL r c::;I..Ln1~ LliuL 1mJess you sc:e iL , it n _ver davmed on me
t,~ .rorci . l>uL we J1nd .s me JierLutl::; uf l. imr.:: where 1.,;c1 was asleep and I
di
' L huv' m1tcl1 Lu do, t:o I fool ed 1J,round with what things do i n
:t.<.:ro g and 1 ulm sL had a pcrC'eci, conservation of energy until you
relea·e an ubjecL and push it o:ff .in a certain
i rection, i t continued
Lo r icoche, aroun
the spacecraft until i.., catche s onto a lever or
.i.t gets we ged in somelhi.ng, but iL doe sn ' t seem like when you drop
u. ball on Lh
e;round • L goes haem, IJoom
boom, lioom, and finally
c.: I.op" , t L is k.Lr d of l i.k, Lliat, .
JI. keeps going -
-
- If you take
::,1meU1in~'. :iw l ::;pin iL , it. wi.n Ju"L "n.y th :r~ and sp· n .
I took
•>t1r; of" L11r;
l'i,rid L>1Lf<C
w<· 11:u l wl1it: l1
W<'n· ul>t1ut L.lii ::; long tnd a 0tt tha
wid<: a11<J
v 1 ·1 ·_y
l.l1i11 1i11d
I wu11 l <J
,j11.sl. :,p i u
i.L J ikl! Urn.
11ud i
wo ld
.i 11:;I, ::t,n_y 11,<; r, - a11<1
:JJ>i11 .
Wit.I , m> ,lu·rense j n - es senl.iall,v no
/\not.11,•1· i11 i.c:J.ticlll I observed, I had
,,. pi,·•~, or mcl.E.1.I
Ll,nL w:l ' :-.:cr·e wecJ
.>J1l,c
i,l!c · n··Lru.mentlition panel
Uu.1.L lu.1.d it r·u1111<I d.isc: wi Ll1 a J.oop i 11 i L un
Lhen it a
a chain
I i rJ.k d,~ wi Ll :ind t.lt n I.I 1< : r t: wus :,mot I ,er 'hain l i.nh
ewitt, and that

Belt 16
10
c11air1J ink
as s cr e we
o:ito t e ins r ument panel , so tr.at ther e
r-e u Jy w&s -
Uw me ta.
,J. link, then 11nother fixed link, and ther e
were
we h • u a
['&n in 011r suit loop , und you could fee l t hat inlet
va ve un er·neath the insLrument panel, a nd I r e a ly shouldn ' t be
·,c ry much uir going throu.g}i ther
because you only blowing just
:_,_ smc.1.JJ por l. Lon of he uir fr·om the c ;J.IJin
nd mixing i
with all
Lhe :;mall u.lr or oxygen in I.he su • L i Ls(.;lf ,
'' O y·ou ju"t sort recir­
c·ulaLc a. J j Ltle b • t of air from Lb •
,J.bln and mj xing it wit h mostly
·ti r
C.t· 1m t he suit ,"ln it ,just so happeued t hat I noticed the parti ­
c 1.e s with:in l..he ..,1mcecraft 1, ndecl tu flow down .md you could get
11 r-cuc.- L'in i. Lr! s t..rcu:rn.1 in , f"c Ll
Lh.rou1.i:JI m,y leg a.nd. this
ctal was
motrnl.cd .j1 1::I. 1:1,l1ovc Lhu.L , lrnL up ug11i.n:.;l, the l" l al, pane] so that the ..... .
l•:nd of tape .

1
Belt 17
and the Spacecraft tended to pull down to here the redefinite streamline
down through my legs and this met al was mounted just above that, but up
against a flat panel so that t he ball ad of the panel i s here and t he metal
is mounted pin here.
And I watched that thing start into motion.
Really, I'd just touch it and it would st art loffing.
It would loff over
like this and boun e up like this.
And it went on for - one time I timed
i t for ovc
20 minutes and other times for as long as 30 minutes - and
the only thing that ever stopped it from t his continuous motion - this loffing
back and forth - was a piece of gawkroll t hat we had gl ued on underneat h
i t and every once in a while it harl an edge on it like a nickel or a dime
where it essentially came off like this and every once in a while I 'm
sure that that edge got stuck in the gawkr ol l , but it never, ever stopped
unless it got stuck in the gawkroll.
And t he same kind of thing could
have happened to the glove.
It might have been put i n motion in the
spacecraft and then just I wasn 't looking 'at it AND it could have been
rico heting around inside the spacecraft for a long time and it finally
went off.
The same th ng applies to your strap.. ...
I think wll t you ught as far as u Clowout of spacechart is concerned,
th r 's a tr m ndous ex mpl of iL in the first part of the film.
on. my h lmet tied-on ...,trap.
It ' s <le i nitely taking exactly the path of
the
low -
omcs up, goes out, und aches ov r, and i
you rec 11, the
£.~love
am out and followed exactly that path.
It arne up and out,
arched over, and went ight out the right side of the spacecraft over the
top 01' the .

Belt 17
2
It conti nued right on out.
You can see there was a fai r amount of sun i n and out of the cockpit.
Quite a bit.
You could see all the dust particles.
You can count the streamline on the
way out.
.Maybe we 'll have a tou h on these last t wo experiments and then
ome back if there -
just to make we touch on all the ...... the
radiation exp riment insicle the cabin.
Is there any comment or question
that .
. ... that this was the little ball.
Right.
Ed White, why don't you ·omment on that?
Yeah1 t his is a fairly straightforward experiment in which I 'm sure the
people responsible that are f amiliar with it.
It was a measuring device
in which we measured the spacecraf t radiations f or 1- minute periods of
time at 6 different spots of t he spacecraft and this we did at prescribed
times during the flight.
A very straightforward experiment.
That 's all the background (up to) t his morning.
Are t here any questions
bout it
The last one was the Hangd.ella Sexon experiment
We covered t his in great, great detail yesterday
and I don 't .
Did anybody br:l '
on tho. t cxpcrim •rrt;?
I t hink it would be bett r if
y 'all ask ct. qu tJ ons on
t because if we w nt through i t , it would take
about thr c hours.
Do., anybody have any questions about it?
No, I think we got a very good thorough field for i t yesterday when we
went t hrough it in detail.
That leav s t he vi sual observations .
Yes .
/\nd I know you went t h .ough tl1at y sterday and I listened carfully.
'I'hat ' ::i rieflt .
W won ' t, have. to ­

3
Belt 17
And I personally asked Glen, Cochran, Schirra , and Cooper if they say a
meteor and they all said negative.
And t hen you both said you saw a meteor.
No, a falling star.
Ha Ha.
I think thcre ' e a diff rence betw en what w say and what ,;.re were expected
to se as f a
ns meteors are cone rned.
Are you t a king about micro-,eteor.i tes striki ng the­
No, I 'm t alking about meteors in the atmosphere.
O. K.
Below.
O. K.
Below we saw them.
Little ones.
Ah, little ones.
Yes .
Now, one of the obvious situations is t hat you said you said a 7th
magnjtud
otar.
co probably your visual sensitivit y was better than
another ob er vation.
The window was better or something.
Is that it?
Di d you make a count of the num.be
of t he-
Wait a minute .
What are files you use success?
Well, if you have poor visual sensi tivity, then the number of meteors
observabl drops of f very qui ckly with the sensitivity of the eyes.
You sc, 10th magni tude, you could see a lot more meteors in the atmosphere
than you ·an if you .. . . . . 2nd magnitude.
And the question arises
How many do I exc .cd .. . .
. 2nc o rel r of meteo1:s .
Yca.11 .
They were ~nd or er. met eor s and ­

4
Belt 17
They were quite bright.
O. K.
You saw only bright ones.
About how many did you see?
About how often did you see any?
Could you have made a count of them and
said,
11Let's l.ook at met eors f'or awhil.e" ?
Yes, we could have.
Could you have sat down there and counted t hem all off as you say them and
give them relative attention?
You see, I hesitate to give you a number because I think that if we did,
you'd tend to come t o the wrong conclusion because we weren't looking out
of the windows at night all the time.
No.
Quite often we had things to do i nside and: we turned the lights up and
never even looked out . .
Oh, you weren 1t dark enough, is that it?
No, we already were looking out.
We were attempting to look out and we
couldn 1t see out because we had t he lights way up and, first, we were
working at the window, and secondly, if we wer e we couldn 't have seen.
So
if we give yo\l a number, make sure that you don 't say that, O. K. , we say
15 m tears in :four days and therefore they're going t o see ..
. and
that.' s not right.
No. o. K.
n1rt ber•auec .
If y·o1, want H. number, I saw probal>.Ly between 10 and 20, but again I
wasn 't looking out; all the time.
No, so you really weren't looking f or a meteor, right?
No, we sure weren 't .
And you have tor member, also they occur in a rather uninteresting place.

the dimmer the meteor, the shorter the trail.
r .u.aonti.blc .
1-,t • 'l
: ,.,
' I \ ,11
Belt 17
5
They don 't occur up in th heavens, they occur down below you.
This i s the
area that you spend a great deal of time looking at i n t he night.
You're
looking up at the stars.
We came to the conclusion that you looked at the ground in the daytime,'
you looked at the horizon starting at night, and if you were looking some­
where else, you really didn 't see much.
You find out that sky, in the
daytime you a.on 't see anything-
I was just curious whether it would be worthwhile to spend a little bit
of time looking sort of at the ground close to the hor izon and trying to
count meteors in terms of finding out what ­
I 'm sure we could.
Getting a count on.
It occurred quite low do,m . . . . ... . . You looked down at 30
0 and
there'd be meteors; at 45° there'd be meteors.
Obviously well below you.
Did they l ook any different from shooting star s from a baJ.loon?
The t hing that I noticed about them is that they were short and I think
this is probably because you're l ooking at them from above and the angle -­
the lengt h of them - of short, and. you 're seeing them as they come down
through the atmosphere from above and so you see a line that's lonly that
long from above .
Up there it ' s only that long, and then when you look at
them f'rom down below you see them .ome all the way down and they appear to
me­
'l'hey 'rc probably microscopic .
The random slope direction.
~.iometime s they 're real 11ttlc tiny short ones and-
1\.nd I think the short on 'fl would. more be an indication that they were very
d.im ones, b <;ausc
Well that :..:c'rns
I'
I ,
i'

6
Belt l7
But what you 're looking at right here then i f it was dark.
To tell you the truth, I think what 's more· important is the angle that
you 're looking at them at.
Well anyway, we did see a lot of them.
And they 're not difficult to see.
And I don't think we were looking at anything that approaches a 7th magni­
tude meteor.
You see we could see-
Well, I was just curious whether this was the reason why the­
, Much brighter than that.
I didn't see any real dim ones.
As
a matter of fact, since we weren't looking for them, you know, we wouldn't
have seen them.
You look up there and you say "I wonder what magnitude
star I can see" and you look around and you say "O. K., I know that's a
3rd magnitude and that's a fifth and then I see that one over there is
dimmer than the fifth and that one's evan dimmer so t hat
eventually you come to the conclusion that maybe you can see 7th magnitude
... I saw those because I was looking for them and I could come
to t hat conclusion, but I never looked out at them to see how dim a meteorite
I was only seeing the ones that I was attracted to while I was l ooking
f or something else.
~,o that might be 1:1. nice thing to ( ask) . . . . . . . . . . . on the next
(flight) .
W11, if you looked out for th m, you probably could see a lot dimmer ones.
Dr. -
.. . ...... general ~uestion or something?

Eelt 17
7
Do you remember on your consumption of oxygen .
You shouldn't ask.
That ' s a hard one for me to answer.
I know what the
flow into the suit was and.­
Look, somebody might have given you the
I don't believe that you could get that figure because you see it was an
open roof system and.­
What ' s not used goes right on.
In fact, not only that, it comes in at a
f i xed rate and it goes right over the sides.
You can ' t get that when you ' re fueli ng.
Did you come across any unusual problem outside the vehicle that you didn't .
expect?
No.
Here ' s one you may not want to comment on.
Do you have any comments to
make in r egard to the capability of putting man aboard and hide inside the
vehicle, the satellite Without act uall y ..
. ?
Doing what?
Putting a man aboard
You mean go over and take a look
..... . . Sure.
That's one of t he
reasons we ' re doing this.
You think lt 's perfect.
Pull
11:p along s1dc of it and go ever and take a look at it.
(You don 't 1'oresc, e.ny u.nus®l probl ems, do you?)
No.
. . . the tumbling (mold) "l
Excuse me?
Even jf it ' s in the tumbling mold?
You 're goinp; to use some good judgment about what you do as f ar as going

up to the 1>ilot 1 s
There
Belt 17
8
. It 1s the same kind of problem we have associated with the
booster.
We spend quite a bit of time ahead of time trying to determine
exactly how much of t he tumbling booster we could plan to go up and take a
look at and we finally came to the conclusion that it was
good judgment to approach the booster using his O'W?l j udgment on it.
just wasn 1t a way to put a hand.J.e on it - well it's tumbling so many de­
grees and out of plane and you can go or you can 1t go.
I think if you see
it, you'll know whether you can or you cant.
Is the problems connected with the difficulties in closing the hatch
unidentified?
They ' re working on those, I t hink.
I'm not sure that they completely
ompleted the case .
I was asked to find out whether we have some lubricants in the very close
cauldrons was contributed
I think that kind of inf'orma.tion should come from t he systems people who
have done a lot of work on it.
Yes, t t ' i t1k ..... •.••• . •..•...•••••••.••.•
Are there any other general questions?
Yes, I have one.
In your effort to photograph specif i c objects on the
groun, wh~t kind of siting devices - .did you use optical siting? Did
you try at any time to use the reflex viewing arrangement of the 35 mm?
uh siting deviL:e
For siting'/
yes.
We looked out through it but it was mounted in such a manner that you

Belt l7
couldn 't do any more than look out.
You couldn't aim at a particular point and correct for-
No, because it amounted to looking over this way and then controlling the
spacecraft back that way.
In addition to that, you had up and down, which is worse.
A redu ed .
That' s the reason I asked the question.
I wondered i f you had used that
paJ:rti cular thing and whether it was useful.
You could see what you were looking at, yes, but, controlling a space­
craft, no.
I think you could have ma.de a little near - actually got around
to t hat part of it . .... you did the first time.
But if you wanted
to t ake a picture of s specific object, and one person was controlling
t he spacecraft and the other person was going to take the picture, he
could take the pictures when he saw them in the viewer .
control
the spacecraft too it would be a ­
One other point i s how accurately do you think you can point a photo-system
with the optical site'
Cert ainly with .:ta half a degree.
Plus o minns half ad gree .
robably l os than that.
Maybe on the order of a quarter.
Do you have a picture of the site again?
No, we don't.
There ' s a dt fercnce between the open bars on the site .
Do you hav~ to go, Bill?
No, I don 't .
can give you n b tter answer if you come and ask me in a day or t wo
I

Iielt 17
10
when I get i t little
l~t me: look clt the site ~gain.
'fhe e ' s ..
visual obse.cvations.
Excuse me.
Let m answer one mor e .
Have you seen the tracking .film?
No.
Look 1t t at -
you
ould probably . .... putting a grid on a screen.
I coul<l show you what I was using a ::; the targe .
You could
••••• feel the view that you got - that you ' e looking at.
Knowing the f'i ld you know, I'm sure you could calculate exactly what you
an do.
• • l:l. tl,y whu L you .nn do.
'.['hat ' :; the :; ' ·onll Lhj ne ] want to 1:1r.;k Dr. White
bout -
r:ornments of fields
of view.
Yo u w nt outsj_<lc tJ1
spar: •<;ra t and then you ·had a Wider field
of View.
Yeah.
How would you describe th difference in field of view in terms of your
visual sensibility in looking at the lemo.
Any problems about t hat?
Oh, golly.
It's like l ook•i.nc; ouL t .h
ha tl1r-oom w i.ndow vers s l ookinB out the f ront
wj.ncto, out t pi · tut·c· ~-rind >w, whi<·h :is like goine to a movie th atre where
yo1, ha.vc, it lJ LL.le r :um t l,c>r ·e rtn(l t h 11 going to (m . of tl1es
wide- s reen
one:~; .
You l 11,vc• Lo L1a·n yo 11c lll:ad Ln :;cc it all .
Did you 1·-·n<l l.11c: :JI)l.l.('C' pJ.:d,,• <J11jl~c . .d1•q1iatc?
Wc •J J., I
:.;1;J, l.d. _yn1, l1tJ. vc to L10:n y ur. IJ( '1Hl t o see it.
C uJ cl like y 0 11 G
then lJ 1c whole }iorj.zon'!
Did you f ind any differences

I
Belt 17
11
,L.LOfli--'. the 1,url:r.on'!
You ,::an sec, the curvatu('(; :ln the horizon whe:n you 're just l ooking out the
window of the spacecraft.
And then when you're looking out there you see­
0. K. then, yo~ could ~ompare one part of the horizon to another to look
for variations.
Yes.
In dnyligb t .
Yes.
You <:ould sec a great deal o.r t he horizon out the window
Did it look all t he sf.i.me - uniform - or did you find a ny variations?
No, I didn 't.
It looked just the r;l).me - like three more pieces of dough
What about stars i n t he daytime'!
didn 't see any outside .
/\nu I d.jdn 't specifically try to chaff myself
to do t hat.
. . . . . . scattered light
It was ver y bright out there and I even looked in the shaded areas which
we ren 't shaded deed shnde but behind t he door , places like that.
Were
Cooper and :·ic.:hir.ra i n the d.::tyti!ne'!
Go.w a dayel ow.

Iklt 18
1 ,a
.. , • .. ,.,, . <lce-p Sl11i<1a , t, ·•hlnd Lhe du()t·, J)laC!,';$ like that .
Were Coop ~r rind. :·;ch.lrru ln the rlayt 1me?
Sor t of date- low.
Could you see t hat also?
What di d t hey describe as the basis?
They...... the sky had u brightness t o it ..... above t hem.
And when Cooper woke up , he was mostly in the daytime.
He (not iced)
out on t he wi ndow he knew i t was dayt ime right away .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ha Ha Hu .
I could t ell by up and down .......... .
I tell ya , I woudn ' t be uh I would hesit ate that there was actually
phenomena like duy glow because it might be uh .... You could liik out
the window and whether you 're at night or in the dayti me .
But it
may (not ) have anything Lo do with what 's out there .
It might not
have anything to do with t he spacecraft.
You 1ve got t wo windows, anyhow.
You can tell whether you 're....... .
There 1 s more to it than t hat.
You know you' ve got a big long nose

Belt 18
1
sticking ouL on th t spacecraft ; and if t h e sun is shining on
that nose , ,you know darn well it ' s based on it .
Al so t he light on
t he nose •• 3 refl ected back int o the windows gives you a light .
And
t here ' s a. 1ot of things 0 1 tside that window that give light to your
eyes .
We roun
that th · r e W/lS a f'l i m on (trie cone?) t hat gave
1ight to .vo1,r (; y r:! :, .
The r e arc so rnany th ln1.'.,e; n:round ther e that would
give you n. clu
You could indeed be plo.(: ·•rt
oi1 t into a ..... if you
tllk that same spacecraft and I knew there wasn ' t anything outside,
no dayglow, just nothing but an absolutely black sky up there, shining
l i ght on the spacecraft,
I woul d get the impres sion that I was i n
the daytime .
I hesitate t o lead you down the wrong path.....
Did you see stars in the daytime f'rom insi de the spacecraft ?
At sunset and .;unrise that you c011ldn' t when you shaded both one• s
s ' des .
Herc n.p;ain it ' s the same kind of problem.
We had something
or Llt
winetows; w
had th _ rJl'.'ight nose of the spacecraft, the sun
was shining ori the spacecraft any1, Lu.ce 1 t event1 ally came into the
winclows ...... in the form of money .
And I , once or twice when we
were in free drifl.
I could sees rneLhing bright up in the sky .
I
coul n ' t Le t.1 you wheth r it was r1 _planet or whether it was a star
or an.vt.hine: .
Rut ,you • ve got a loL of light coming into the space­
craf'L on the drw :s ·cte f'rom th
sun .... doe sn ' t have anything to do
w.. h who.t ' s out there .
It ha~ t o do with the fact that you ' ve got
11 lot o
nooe <; L.Lck·inv. out , ,you ' V(' got a l ot of window there was
som('Lh11 t1.1. on -t,h • w·indov, , n.nd even u· there "Wll.Sn ' t anything on the
w nd ,iw , tl1c l i 1.r11 I. com0.s 111 l.h
wi 11dow f rom the sun and is reflected
n ro1ir1d i.11 :;iJ, l.11-
~pa
era l. .
Yo11 ' v
got sources of light just all

Belt l8
.2
over the place .
It follows, then, if you switch that , I mean the next time is ter ical
and the next time was great .......... . that if you could get out in
the spacecraft at night, ...... .
You ' d sec a l ot more .
You say it ' s "great " because you saw 7th
ma.gn • tude :-itars, l'.,1i t Ed and I
oth proved th t w_ could see more
stars
.Lyt11p; in an airplane at 40,000 feet here on earth than we
could up there .
But Lhen if you want t o l ook at the diagolect ric exampl e, which is
p:eomeLrical y ext nded ob ec L--you ' re l ooking through this little
narrow an,lc r estriction wher .as if you ' d ·gone outside you could see
this clong~Led phenomenon with ease--the same with l ooking at meteors ....
You ' r e making some conclusions right now that we 're not--haven'.t made- ­
nor making .
Well I 'm t r ying t o get your impressi on as to whether-­
And I ' m not sur e before when you were t al king about the dayglow
of what conclusion you drew from what I said .
Are you t rying t o
imply Lhat ther e ' s a differenc be lMeen a night sky and a day sky
which 11.r
01>vio1Jsl.y ..•..... or b tween the slcy and the ground in the
<layt: i rr11' ?
I ' m Lr y i ng 1. > J'lnd
irt l1ow w 11 yo,ir seeing conditions w .re compared
l.o 1.lif, M rc 1u·y c t·ew ' s .
llh -h1 lt.
J\nd tl e i mplication that I get i
thaL the i mplication is the same
condiLion in the daytime with i errical probably because of the
way th
spaccc r-aCt ·s shnped an multiple scattered l ight .

3
Belt 18
I think you ' r
drawing improper conclusions .
o. K.
I don ' t see why you say that the seeing conditions i n the daytime
were extr emely poor .
In t erms of visual accuity, for looking, for example at stars, -­
Well , how about for tur ning down &nd looking at objects on the
gronn ..
Now that ' s visual acc11 ' Ly , also .
Yes .
And ·1 thoup;ht it was oulstanding .
Looking a L br ight objects , you ::,ee .
Where you don ' t have a high
contrast required.
You mean on the ground they ' r e br ight , yes .
Then ther e is a high contrast required on the ground .
If you ' re
l ooking out at a star, you know, you 've got a bright star against a
black sky .
That ' s pr etty high contrast .
The same thing l ooking
down at the ground .
You ' re . ooking at a white road going across
a
u:rk. fi0 Id .
Yo1
can
e
those 1.hi.ne;s .
Y s , lrnt. t,IH' only :prohlem h re •i
Lhat you 're l ooking thro gh a
ha:G • or n ·cattered lay r of ljght. ...... scattering illto the space­
crafi. or on Lhe window .
For instance, the case if there's no
scat.t. red (frost) on th
spacec r a
When tha disappears at
nighL you can •·ec directly througl1 the window and yot r visual
sensitivity goes up Lo a maxim m o:f (photogr aphication ) .
Whict1 obvious y must have happened because o
the way things were .
Lei.. me t. 11 yoll what I think .
I .link there are so many things
.he layer on the

4
Belt l8
windows , the light corning through, that I couldn':t tell you whether
there' s anything that if I looked up above I could see an image, or
not.
But I t hink that possibly , if we could find a long black
tube and a window with no film on it and some way of closing off
all t..he liv,ht inside the spacecraft , I feel that maybe I could look
t1p a.ncl T could have seen t he ulack sky (and the stars ) .
Yeah , we didn ' t have t.,hat , so I wouldn ' t draw that conclusion from
what. I saw up t..here ,
All I can say is that you couldn ' t see up
and see t he stars in the daylight because of' all these other
reasons .
Now if you eliminate other reasons, I think probably you
could.
I wouldn' t say f or sur e that that ' s r i ght .
The point that
interests you when you ' re talking about accui t y, is t o look down
on the ground and you can see very small objects in the daylight .
So t hat with one is (resolution) and the other one i~ sensitivity
t o different l i ght levels .
And I ' m talking about light levels from
Gemini , i n terms of having a niosy background .
I want.. you to be careful of the conclusion that you made.
You've
p;ot three 1.hinr~:.: !.hat you ' re obviously tryinp; to make conclusions
out of', and 1 wunl. t,o be sure -t,ha1. you didn ' t make some of your own
conc:l 11slon:; out ol' t..hc:m.
Out of !.h.is Mercury, they have Mercury,
and you ' :re p;oing t.o compa:rc Mcrcm·.v and Gemini observations and you
Look Lhe insiu.e- tlie- spncecraft observat ions and said at night it
was t-'.reat and. in the day time it was lousy.
Well , in the daytime
I didn ' t, reel it, was l ousy .
I dori ' i, know what standard you ' re com­
parj ,,g it against.
YoL1 ' re comparj ng it against Mercury .
I think
,YO\J ' d be very car eful in d rawing that conclusion.
Ancl 1.i1c11 L!H·r·e ' ~ rwotl1e r ll.rca that. you want Lo make conclusions on

Belt 18
5
and Lhat ' "" vision o tside the spacecraft , and I (can make a comparison
betw en those t wo and I have alr eady ; but you can see clearer f rom
outside the spacecraft .
And I was quite surprised at this because
I had thr ee visors on :
one of them was a left-hand visor which
isn ' I, h p: 11 on OJr\,ica.J pror>e rt~ies f'..tnd one o • them which is a sun
vl.:<Jr' whir:11 l!; 1,robo.lJI.Y pr tl.y
r.1,
d o,rti ally wj_ ha gold coo.ting
on • t. and Lhen a 1' ex1g ass which is very· l. igh in optical qualities .
And I felt as far as vision was concerned , I could sec better out­
side the spacecraft and I ' d love t o be able to make <•ome fur ther
visua testing out and I think we probably we 1 do this--t ake the
visors
p, this type of work, later on .
So you 're comparing three
ifferent things and I think we can definitely tell you some con-
cl sions between inside and outside as far as Gemini is concerned ,
I ' d L>e very caref\ 1 ap;a.inst sayintJ, that t he vision out of Mercury
was worse or
e1.t r w· th respect. Lo what we could sec out of Gemini
in th
day .
At ni~ht we were ab1c to see and compar e hi gh magni tudes
down to what we felt was 7th order magnitude stare .
(The only thing that )bothers me just a little bit i s you saying because
Gordo said he could - he woke up in the daylight - pointed at the sky, he
could tell whether it was day or night , and t herefore it was an airglow.
Now I could wake up and tell whether it was
ay or ni ght, too, but it
wasn 't b •<;au ae t here was any airglow.
It was because I had sun in the
spa<:c;cr ft .
And I think...... .
Gord
lol.l • n.w . . . . .. . . ........... .......... in the daylight.
So that's the
s
ond inuic tion .

Eelt 18
6
Yeah} this is a unique situation.
He happened to be in a situation where
the earth was beneath and the sun was behind him and there was no light­
ning scattered into his window or anything or at least apparently ther e
wasn't anything.
He didn 't feel there was any and that he bad a good
opportunity.
There ' s only one datum .....
( ·?)
Two were there when they havc poor days.
Shade on the windows.
You know the stars are there; there ' s no question that they 're up there
and if we make th conditions right we can see them.
Couple times I did see stars or planets or something in the daylight.
I
co~ldn 't tcJl you what they were, what magnitude they were at all.
All I
could t ell you is that as we drifted around some random positions I could
see some sorts of light oming through the window.
I t hink the point that we tried to make also is we have been working on
Apollo and we know that stars and measurement of stars in the daytime and
the lighting conditions are very important.
And on a routine operation
in this matter, the stars weren't there.
This is the observation that I
felt I made and I think we've both been working in (guidance) .
I think
this is whut Jim was driving at also.
I was looking for them in the day­
time becau::;
I wanted to sc th m out there in the daytime; I didn't want
l,O sec th m 'ln a cloud (Apollo' ).
But they weren't there to the extent
that J wm.uu 11 ke t,o bt.1.vc seen.
As n. mnttr-r o.l' fttct thnt was one or the reA.l surprise s we bad.
They just
uren ' t out th<:r..
At lea.st they wer n 't out there in the configuration
WC
• • .•.
You t .ca pnnsing star of a 1st or 2nd magnitude out there, that's not
1~o·Lng to <Jn you u bit of good as rnr as anything but saying "O, look, I
(ii)

Belt 18
7
see one" because you don 't have any idea what it is certainly can 't get
into measurement.
Results of this.............
Maybe we can give Dr. (Ritch) a chance.
Did he hav any questions?
I was curious as to wh t th difference is between sunset and sunrise.
Well, particularly with respect to the shape of the sun and how much does
it spread out in lattit ude.
Is it different for night and day?
We sort of concluded that the sunrise was prettier than the- no the sunset
was prettier than the sunrise.
The sunrise seems to be to my way of think­
ing was more white and blue.
But the sunset was many colors.
A l ot of
ed.
It i s red and blue.
They were much prettier.
I don 't know why
because we 've got some movies with us .
Actually we do have some movies that we tried to vary on some of them the
perture and I think we 've got, at least at certain times during the film­
ing, we 've got a fairly true representation of what's up there.The colors
in the pictures really do look right and, in fact, I was pretty happy with
them.
There are certain parts in there that give you pretty close to the
i mpression that w got, and I think these will also show you that the
sunset is u. little mar
spectacular than the sunrise.
Now there is one
thing that certainly is different in the sunrise.
When the sun comes, it
rally com.sup wjth SQch a much higher rate and it just booms right up and
bang it ' s light and a big ball of r·re from the sun comes up.
Now when it
goe
<lawn, Lhough, it ' 8 the rev, rs, and it kind of dies out slowly and you
,·o.n mt.1.yb
::ilt Lher and njoy and absorb the colors a little more.
Maybe
that '
th reason. ... that the sunset is a little pret tier.

Belt 18
Is the sunset more billiant than the su..'trise?
Yes.
Contrast-wise?
Right.
How about the elongation?
Wait a se ond.
When you say it's really . . .. . ... .
That was brightness .
Sunrise 1s more brilliant.
Sunr1se is more brilliant.
Up it comes.
See i t's dtirk and then the next thing it ' s light.
It's really light.
Sunset seems to t ake longer and the gradation-
And more color.
More colorful.
What about the elongation and latitude? Is there a difference in sunset and
Does the sun squash down elliptical?
No.
It doesn 't move.
It goes so . . . You .know .. . It takes about 4 seconds
to r everse the whole thing there and it ' s so bright, you don 't notice it
squashi ng ..... .. ... . Did you?
No, I didn 't .
No, I 've seen a lot of peculiar sunsets and moonsets; the
s un l'tnd moon have ear s on them and t hings like that­
It' s a.11 du to t he t hi ·k amount of atmosphere that you're going in.
It all go s pretty quickJ.y and I didn 't notice that the sun came up in
any different shape was set, but it may have .
You know, one t hing on t he f ilms when you see them, the bottom pa.rt looks
like the rcfle t i on o
something, either in the lens or -
I don't think

' . .
Belt 18
9
it '
in the proce sing - must be in the lens under the film.
The - down
at the bottom part kind of duplicates and lets magnitude look on top and
that's really not fair.
It doesn't reflect down and what you see is only
on top.
Did you see any difference between moonsets and moonrises?
No, I dido 't .
Did you see any (classing) .......... of t he moon?
The elongation that you see?
No.
I didn't.
I didn 't notice any.
I thought the interesting thing, too, about the moon is that clarity - t hat
I
you see it ' s quite clear whe·n you l ook at it here, but also it just looked
l i ke a little silver globule going down.
It just goes right down.
You
have no scanning or anything associated with it.
And no ....... , either.
That 's right, it goes right down.
And also, your vieWing of the stars
beyond my cpmment on this earlier doing this. It doesn't obscure your
vieWing - the moon being up there doesn 't particularly bother you as far
as the ( stars?) ...... .
Then you could always tell where the horizon was because of the stars
which you know appeared.
And then the airglow.
Could you also tell from the stars? ...... sort of a supplemental picture
of the horizon from the stars?

1
Belt 19
... the air e:low.
Can y ' all Lell il' i t ' s dark?
Some little (Supplemental? Sublimal?)
pict11 r c o f f,he hor i.zon 't
Well jf yo,; watched a certain star , you could tell when it went b elow
Lhe horizon .
You J·ust can ' t look out ther e and say, "O. K. , that ' s the
hor izon . " IL depends ·on the stars.
Now, you can look out there and
::,ay, "O. K. , now , that's the horizon ; not because of the stars . "
necausc of the luck of the stars ar,d also the air glow.
And a l so t lnmd(':r·sLorms on the hor izon ..... .. .. (of the Lark? )
proves that you can get. it (pictures?) .
But you never can say that­
and I never would evet' say that, I co1,1ld t ake a pencil and draw a very
l'ind I. ine o.nd say U,aL ' s the horizon at night,.
As a matter of fact,
in the clay Lime, c:i t her .
Did you ge L the point. that Edward made about the moon , though , that
when you look at it f rom even far and high, you can see all these stars .
You see t he moon ; but you don ' t see ,just the light of the moon .
You
see a l ot of glow aro1rnd it.
. ..And f rom on earth.
But up in or bit
1 didn ' t sec any glow around i t .
I saw the l i ght--I saw the moon.
Right next t o H was dark.
Ther e ' s not,hin~ armind j1, ,
It ' s ~har p .
l~vco when yo11 :l<-e u aha.r p rjm her e: on ea.rth--Yon see, if the moon were
her e nnd wu:-: L11a L b,iµ; 11.rounct. J ' rt Lend to see glow around her e.
C:ver1 wr1cn Uie moot1 is i-n (venus?)
You do at Limes .
Tha t depeHds on the humidity on a clear ni ght .
Normally when Lhe moon ' s out on a c:lear ni gh L, you have a lot of haze
and stuff around it.
(that ' s noL Lhere? ..air?)
which you ' d expect
when ,vou ' t·e out, of t he atmosphere .
You know, we received a picture
in t.11c ma i I whi(•t1 Lr .von ,'tt1::;L , t1av.Lu1-'. been on a space fli ght , I think

2
Belt 19
it. mc::nns a little more Lorn .... now thai, I th ·nk about it .
Expec •ally n.s yo11 look at i L row and thE: artist has t aken these things
and he ' s p ut them in very clearly on a stark black background--and
you k.now and you say , "Gee ,
sn ' , Lhat artificial looking?"
But that's
not
rLif <..:ial looking .
That ' s the way it
ally doe s look .
The
rnoon ' :~ n
I.her
n a. :1La k hla k. l>··ck.µ;rotmd ( and the other artists
should [pr;1,inL ] J.ik.
U1at . )
I ' cJ like to ask CoJonel White what color
was h.i s (w::1.!,ch) (uL sh )
.T st s ·lvery whiLe ................. I suppose .
. . . . . . . . . . . "Dr . (Acre )"- ­
I take it yo
would not have any trouble findine the sun if you were
to try orienting at som
angle with r espect to this ..... .
You w uldn ' t hav e t o do too much ,·earching if you wanted t o l ine up
with Lhc sun in order to ....•
No
N >. Yo1i can 1~ ne ally tell wh ·re it is by the brightness.
The
.:;rune holds Lr11e wilh ~ln (open lo.nd.ing).
You c1n find it on tt1
way in .
It's easier ·-r you ' ve got an att i tude
rcfercnc
w· Lb iner1.ia1 rcferen e,3 working and you just go up ther e
und swoop ,•t<.:ross Lhe sky and yon cn.n find it .
nut if you ' ve got to
/1; L l ip .•.
You 've: ,~o t Lo v,o find it w·tho11
nny references (out in the spa.ce­
r:raf'L) , I 1;:ucs
j f yo11 g t on the l1orizon an
get all set and then
start. a _pj 1.c11 raL , or somet'n • n{;: _yo11 o..;a,n 00 find it .
ut when you 're
dri f'L i n1 ~ rr·ccly ., u.nd you
on ' L know 11rhich way is down, you simply end
11 p l 001<. i 111-'.
11 p a I. 1.hc :~k.Y and you cl o 1 ' t know how to get
o the local
11 ir.izont..<.1.l--i I. rni (.'.ld. I>(, r · 1-'.llL t.hc r 1• ~n
your _plane here and yo 're

Belt 19
3
not s11re 1m Lil _yo11 :-- LarL lookJ nv, for it l i ke this and you can search
around for a long Lime .
You ca
s arch a l ong t ·mc ...
And never get back down to the horizon, but if you est ablish (a
per rate ) well you can get the e .
'rhe b i g thing is how much f uel
you ' v
p;ot. Lo expend .
You
~e
r'i b•:hL on the 'horizon ancl p · ck up...... Mi l ky Way wel l i t can
help you... we 1 you can geL I.here .
The big 'Lh:i.ng is how much fuel
you ' vc got
1.0 cxpr:nd .
You get, righ t.. on t he horizon and pick up....
Milky Way, 1veJ.
i L can help yo11 .
Dr . (Ayer) , 1. think we ' re p; •t1,ing close t o time t o go home here
In r ega r d Lo your (meter ) pror•:ra!l'I (in your notes that you made in
t he auditor ium) could you mo.kc any recommendations a s t o the new
make- up ot· that meter progr am?
I think Ed and I have a cormnon -recorrnnendation that we don ' t f l y many
mor e flights in GMI' and elaps e time at t he s ame t ime .
We ' ve got a
oner al p roblem Lo kinda sort all this stuff out , and I think we
our~ht Lo r J.v Lhc s
Lhings jn allot. -
time s ... I think that ' s the one
r: i.nv.J e r comm II a1.ion we ' cl muk, Llin.t·. s ands head and shoulders above
J
ot.ber <HILS .
'f'r,yint, L
orrel!:d.
t he time is very t ough .
H yond thal,
would you say that you could make recommendation s as
Lo make- up of Lhe ... hooks?
T tho1 ghi. Lhr! 1;ooks -w re 011Lst.andj 1l~~ and I think that make - up modi fie s
t.lli.s sui L Lo c rl.aln wrij te a,, 1.h
way we ought to go at t hem.
I think }wy ' re out tandin~r, , too , an , of course , Ed and I designed

4
Belt 19
Lhc.:rn , r.o w<' ' rc p r1:.!11di ~<:d .
llu J[u l!1c.1. .
No ,
,1,; a. matter of f act ,
w<: huvr• i.1. 1· . i Et,h t, plarlCl<:r ove:r in U1e spacecraft center.
You roll
Lhr ee limes dur in1~ flight--You roll (when you come down to) l iftup
from the luPnch 1iases which you ho.ve never looked at and about
20 hourc Jal.er 'Ne rolled a round fo r 20 hour s --I never even got it
Lo 20 (her e )
Just part of re- entry we rolled i t around some more and then gave
up 70 hour s .
(We milked some stuff on it ) .
Storm books are real good.
Excu se
me , l et me see these hooks .
We have a book like thi s .
To do any
r eal Lime f'light planning, you have t o have access to the--every­
Lhirw.--all al once , and you don ' t want to have t o get every some­
Lhinµ; on a r oller when _you ' ve ,<(ot Lo roll t hroup;h i t l ike t his .
If
you want to know what ' s going to happen in 9J hours, you just open
the hook up and turn over t o 9J hours .
Then if you want t o compare
that with say 40 hour s --you want t o have a comparison t here , you
can ' t f o this on a roller f i l m.
Unless you ' ve got some quick access,
u way of get,tine; that our like y01J had your own sor t of a meteor
rrucr ofilm.
Uid you take notes on your book, sir?
Yes, we dj d .
·1 Lli.i.nk one i,hi.n~~ thut we did decide on is that the
l..i.mc-sc:ale:; Lha.t we hu.vc ill our .flight plan here are- - neither one
c>l' t,t1cm a:t'c' exactly ri.1<h t.
The ear·l y par t o r the mission was highly
<'xpu.11dc.•<l ; Llw L~1t.Ler _pn.rt was we.she'd down a. J ittle.
I think we have
::l.x '1011 rs p<·r paf'.C in I.he latt,er s U1ge and we ha.ve an hour per page

5
Belt 19
in the early s tage .
I think probably three nours per page or some­
thing l ike that would give us more room t o write the notes .
!Ias tha t book been reproduced?
Yes, it has .
Ther e are copies f or everyone .
L<--:t me a.al< you one her e .
Do you think you c o11l.d hold half a degr ee
1n piLcl't on I.he ni/.~ht hor·i,100 w:l th the radical?
!.lur e .
,Jus L do it on the top of the air glow layer and you ' d have
no t rouble a.Lall .
You wouldn ' t need a filter , or anything .
No .
You <lon ' t want. to make the air go away or any dimmer .
And the
sight i s (clifficult) as it is and it ' s adequate to use at ni ght .
But t.hen you could Lake pictur es , otherwise .
Take picture:; at. p;unslght,.
Wha1. ,,ere .vou r-;oine; to do when you held thi s '?
'L'he sharp point,, i~; dovm , antl for tunately , it was a crunera now
designed ll.Y Spacecraft .
IL ' s a fl11sh- mounted camera for G'r5 and
diap;onnally , push down the right window , so the camera is l ooking
np Like thi.s .
i:o the spacecraft is on over at an angle like this .
Jt, ' s not u 4-sa1,elliU· camera is ,1haL I 'm s ayi ng .
So while the point
js probably 1~oo<i , I ' d ltatc to sec I.he thin!!. get out that 0 . K. we
can p11ll 011I, t,tlc ~Like .
I Uke Lhi:' way it ' s certainly designed .
/\c:t.11;.111 y, 1.11cr1: ' s more· Lo i1, than l.11at .
The experimenter will go
wi L.11 11 10
(1 , ·11C \.lir·o11j.-'J1 U1c SM.rLi11ct1. L l.ighL , so Lhis has nothing t o
do 1,1i I.Ji t.11<' cxp,: ri.rnc111. nnymor c .
01il.Y one time it did.
/\nd yui1 al :;o tinvc ot.hcr Lho.n JusL a f ipper on the radical you could

·
3elt 19
€,
hold . . ....... .. . 'l poinl u ,
I ' d l ike to et your feeling on calcium balance coming up on the
seven . .... what do you think how i t will affect your post- flight .
I don ' t know how it 's going t o affect your postflight, but I know
i t ' s r~oing to be a real problem.
You ' ve just got a lot of things
Lo do .
Thr!r c a.re a lot of t hinp;s that can ' t be done until two
weeks be ·ore the f'.li gh L.
I f you r,i;c;t involved in the b it data- ­
p;athct·in .,
x rd ses before the ·1 •1-'.ht , I think that it could indeed
,jeo:pm·d h . 1.hc whole
l i gh t...
This i s my pe r::;ona1 OJ)inion .
I sort
of Lho p,;ht LhaL ::;om of the medi cu.l c:x:aminat · ans that we had should
be inovccl hack ear· Lier .
W
had n IJif.'. medical examination at FlTA and
that ' s one of those few days we go1. a lot of at.her things that
should. be Lakin , place and I car ' 1. see tha t my physical condition
changed in the l as t week .
Except maybe I got s l eepier .
But I just
feel that when you put all these Lh ings into the last couple weeks ,
you real l y - - t he guys t.hat are flyin g the flight--have got to get
ready and ther e ' s almost an ' nfinjte amo nt of work to do .
You just
(~an ' 1. do i. I. ul7 , a.nd i L you t ake t. i rne for data- gat hering exerci ses,
I sot'\. of f'cc:I U11.1t. it. .ieopnr i 7.e "'
t.r1e success of t he whol e flight .
YOL1 t.hink .voI I <·u11 l<l -- u110\.IH: r q 1H' S1 , ion--Do yo, think i f you had a
cern"n1 i.n
I.t i(: ri 1..;l 1L wi11<1 ow w t.h tt ::wizzle st .ick arr angement f or
p11.(·!1, do .voII U1 i1 il\ c;ou ld t. · l sc.:op,· :;U,cs co11 ld l ock onto have
r·ont r· ii bc:t.Lc• r
11ll.cll t.hnn .Y
u eou ld with a. r i,v:i<.l mounted camera
You ' n' talkinl,'; ulJ uL n con\. r-ol 01· I.he mounting f or the camera .
A con LroJ <>I' t,h • pit, r1 ; u conLro I o r the mm n t, und th pitch .

the good
t han
the
to hear
up there and
7
Bel t 19
L, Lr1 i r.
a. lin I 1. - j ckd, - :~ >Ck , f. t.yp0 oJ' .)unkhcwl or som<: ,hlng .
rt. ' :; 110I. 1, 1>1,1.l
11nd c H:kcL , bid.
1;1. p i tch ..... f'o:r ho1ding a pitch atti­
t.u
Oh ,
or the ai r ~low.
l•'or the ai:r glow
yes .
'l'his
1✓ onld be for on
minute phot 1~r t'tph i n g .
Wow .
T ' d haLe to be u
You mechan j z' lt wiLh n low- speed
.le troni
dr j v e and a r heostR.t­
Lype J r i vc or it .
No . Mani ally .
A manual swi vel ,
Let ' s do sound effect s f or
old
Yeah ...•Elr oy T . V.' s char gi ng , you ' r e not going t o have more
20 minute
exposur e of nie;ht air .
Ha Ha Ha
We ' r e .,afe I.here , ar en ' t
we . Ha Ha Ha
A. swiv I sUck h,re in the right. coming out ; you hav e authority
t.ak ·n on 1, d.lff(•rc•nl, one .
l,urr.v , did .vu 11 L 11 I k t.0 Lh m 11b ut l.tw Northern lights below
I trj c~rl. to .
Oh , exec U.Pn L
. xc I I nt .
I ju:; L cover .d fl
f'ew I it LI(' l.hing :,; and I
surely would 1i ke
.vour <'omm ·n t. s nbo1 1t t. I1e um I would Jo ve to ,
Venus .
Yca.ci 11, "'
w<' .r
rc;tl Iy imprc• sr;e<l 1-.ri Lh the p l anet Venus
W(! l.nol\ '"'On11· p'ir l 11 r
r; of' j L nnd i I. di
come 0 11t with about ½the

8
Belt 19
magnjL de o.nd
rill iance that it r eally appears
p ther e .
It ' s
a beautiful sight .
Afte r the dark up t here , it ' s very bril liant
and much more large as far a s I was concerned and bright in magni­
tude than anythjng I ' ve seen looking f rom the ground .
(Mer cury) proved very, very -pretty.
[ be, _yo u r·nugh
a pho .ov,r aph , t oo .
Yeah, .i st ........ you know a.nd you 've just -­
Yeah , Lhe colors on those Lhingc .
Th
t:, Lar s t.hat w
Look. on Lhe
r ound wer en ' t
,oo graphic .
Di
y 11 , 1cv r s ,e-­
1\lack .
Was t,her e mything else?
Black o.cll;a) y looked beautiful and this :i,s the way the sky l ooks .....
1rhe sky 's black ,
t iL ' s a b eautil'ul black background .
But that
doesn ' t come out on the pictur e .
Was
he r a i cal any good in the da:,y?
(Hasistas )
would be br ' ghter t han it is .
/\bout. Lwice ns bright .
Twicr
bri~hL .
You
ou l J ~:t'<'
• t on t.hc-' !:(.rm nd .
I f' yo,1
nn ' t. •·c, 11.
n 1.h
c~nus'
I.hat ' s t he big thing her .
Yo1 ,·cHiJcl :.i•c : jt <m Lhe lr1nd .
You c·rn I t1 :w,· j L HI t.lw
I and 1:in!I
L11e wat.c:r .
It was fj ne .
But
when .YOl
·r·0ss Ltle cros"c)oud
1 t. hi11k we oue;ht t o have two r ings
of
r · 1•:hLnc:,s .
You know r i ~~ht. now i L' c ver y brigh !. and just t h - next beat tannicals
look v<·r,y dirn nnd t.hC'n _you ' v<'
1-~o t
t v;rn,dat · on of dims .

9
Belt 19
thir1k the dim gr adat •i_on is excellent .
th:i nk we nr!ed
11. lj t1. L. variation of brightness .
[;id you f .i.r d any difference in the two windows ?
Di d you s e e any
ventieral differenc~ in those two windows·?
We co1lldn ' t, chang places .
Ha Ha l[a.
::iec T l ooked in m•i ne , he) looked i n his , and t here wasn ' t any way
in tile world that we could-­
You
ou d '
get near enough to start a ration ?
1 o . N . You really can ' I. .
fndepen enL of yo11r r at.ion .
You ' r
pretty safe to check your radi ­
r:t.11
hri.p;ht.ncss a.gulnrt 1,h . bri p:ht
<.:lo d right on the earth .
You know on 1l. brighL day like Lhi:;; .
Shoot , t hey said it was checked against the snowbank .
You can ' t bank there .
You ' re in trouble .
Unless ,here ' s a ............. .
A couple of Li.mes I was looki ng f or it .
'T'hose wer
dirty St . Louis snowbanks . (snowguns '? )
Ha Ha Ha
0 . K. , 1 ,hink ... . .. the more you want to say .
If you ' 11 wrap it
uµ .
J Lh;i 11k b0Lw 'rt tl1 i G mor n i n1.,~ and ,Jim and Ed ' s comments this
urtc::r11 )On w,, cu11 t·xl.r o.(:L
v r yl.fl • n1•· we )res nt, ...... .
I 'd I i k., t.o ::a.v
'.; rneth·· ng .
The~ wn.v it l ook s rip:ht nov1
you have 11
1-xperirn •nt :; 1.tn<.J ev ,ryon
of' them i,: o. t otal s 1 cces s .
Ther e i s no
indicn1.jori LhaL 1.h r ' s any hine: , nny anomaly and there ' s no indi ­
cation that. th r e w· L
be any anomnly .
Just a q1ick l ook . ... . ... .
C r ta i 11ly 11OLhi1t oper uLion 111 , I me n it ' s not operational. ...... .
'f'hcrc· ' r: nol.h.i.n~i: uL uU .
Now you ' v ' go
a cou le of equipment pro­
!, I m:; , h11L .vn11 r•x1><' . I.C'd Lhnt ·1 ' m !.ol:.; .
It was per ec
as far as

..
Belt 19
10
experiments go.
'l'here was nothing hat could have been done to
improve it .
This is t he way the guider shows i t ; this is the way
the mock-up ...... .
~ven the experiment you didn ' t have a very successful flight . . Ha Ha Ha.
Well , we ' ve got how many more . ... 8 mor e to go, huh . Ha Ha.
What , ........... .
No , flights .
End of tape .

"'
Notes from the De-Briefing transcript
eteors:
Both cDivitt and hite
1 tioned seeing a number of rn teors bel w
them:
e sa quite a fe fall end burn up bolo our cltitude.
1hey wore bout
on half to on third as high as re were hen they ere conswn d. . e /n er
aaw one bove us . 11
{ short
d s if.,'()
As the acco p',nyin..~ plots of numb rs of meteor a ainst the onths of thef
r sho s the
oun of meteor activity in e rly June is at a r ther lo
p206
*Fig. l(Ro chta plot of Olivier data from S ithsoni n Contrib. t o Astrophys .N
level, b1,.:gdnn
to rioe very hortly alter that to rds ll peak in u ust .
on th average
from
to
altitude
Re rdless of their bri htness/meteors ap or
40 and 60 miles/in the earth's
sphere. Bri"ht rn toors ares en to reach about 40 miles, rhereas wct8kkx
lar e fireb· lls may still e seen as lo I as 20 miles or so.
Th
ver· , hei'.;ht th ou11.hout the ath is r ter for f aint r eteo
nd
for thos of h h v.locitie .
Actually the hr' ht objects r lar er and hence
tr vol further tofore they re conn
d1 often tr veling fo r sev ral hundr d
iles b for they r consum d.
Planets
The pilot re rked that"the pl ets or
o clear nd br' ht, 11 nd later
th t
11a11 the sun"ets h d the plan t in it •" Th y have in f ct r corded Venus
in the oriion bands on one of their sunset pictures .
t thot date V nus Qllbc
as still clos to the sun being (angul r dist;nce·t)Sup. conj .A r.11) bout 15de •
cast of the sun (eve. star). On the color print S-65-34771 them ge of Venus
can be distictly seen amid the horizon bands .

..
Zodiacal Light
~
Jae Divitt and ,hite ,ere taking 16 rnti. movies
DK1u:d;i1Q5
be.fore one 11 capsule da m11
when they noic d ttie zodiacal light and described
it u
thus, "it was a shaft of light and a long tine before the sun came up. 11
On the ,round observ rs can note tho cone tot light in the eastern sky or
•
western sky after the sun has set and gone down about 18 de~~ ( about and hour
after sunset or an hour before sunri e.) Pilots t 40,000 feet o~n follo it for
a lon1er span since they are , rray from disturbing city lights •
\
Condition of tho ii.do
\
\
The G....nrlni optical window is quite superior to tho Jrcury indo,,.
None­
~
the less the pilots note that11both their windows ere fog YJ"
nd at one
point durin~ EVA ,hite :rubbed his sleeve accid nt·-lly on JirllSs, ~dow
d~~na it - probably parti lly rcmvlinr the silicon ·D.m.
smu -~-o

-
.
~

• I
l : 3
G
MEASURE REL STATIC CHARGL
y
TAP · PLYBACK
BLOOD PRESSURE (P)
3-1, 4-1 UPOAT S
1~40
D
EGRESS PREPARAT IO~
A
U NS l"OW A r-..~D I,,\ TTACH
B
UMBJL)CAL
Y FITTING·~
EMER Oz PACK
1 ~ 50
MANEUVER UNl
CAMERA
~,
w
- 2:00
rn
ALIGN PLATFORM
NULL REL VEL
T
2: 10
I
A
N
N
2:20
I
e. .e.
f;.
G
•
BL OOD PRESSURE (C)
COMM
CHECK
3: S-'f
/
H
/ GO/ ~FOR EVA
fl-f-b ~
I11""
_,,
2:30
T
'}). /'/o
~
_c)!.v---(
DEPRESSURI ZATION
2:40
MAINTAIN PRIMARY O PRESS
WITH MANUAL HEATER2 (850 - 925 PSIA)
C
T
CLOSE WITH BOOSTER
N
2:10
H
A
w
OPEN HATCH
AND
STAND UP
3:00

c~. t,
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50­
4:00
4: 10
4:20
4:80
EG RESS S/C
INGRESS S/C
CLOSE HATCH
REPRESSURIZE S/C
ALIGN PLA FORM
SEPARATION AV .-5 FT /SEC
COMPLETE INGRESS
T
E
X
N
T
D/T TAPE PLYBK
MEDICAL DATA
PASS TYPE 1
D/T TAPE PLYBK
CHECKLIST
MEDICAL
DATA PASS
TYPE 2
p
R
f
G
y
M
C
N
V
A s
C
I
J
T
A
N
N
. G
H
T I
~

i
6:00
INITIATE TERMINAL REND PHASE
~
A
MEASURE
ll.V REQ ID
G
6:10
y
T M
E
X C
-
N
V
6:20
A
N
CLOSE WITH BOOSTER
PHOTOGRAPHS DURING APPROACH
T
6: 30
INCREASE SEPARAT ON WITH
BOOSTER PRIOR TO DARKNESS
rn
6:40
p
R
6: 50
E
T
A
N
7:00
7; 10
7:20
GO/NO GO FOR AREA 18-1
rn
-
7:30
N
I
G
H
T

4: 30
4:40
MANEUVER UPDATE
-
T
E
X
4: 50
A
N
T
5:00
G
y
M
C
N
V
~ ,J., \, V
c~vf".
•
r1 e)~'
( ,
~..."J
m
-I
()~~
r/"
ALIGN PLATFORM
5: 10
CLOSING AV ~ 13 FT/ SEC
N
5:20
A
I
N
G
t
5:30
T
C
R
0
5:40
ALIGN PLATFORM
5:50
D/T TAP
PLYBACK
C
s
Q
MON TOR BOO TERELEV
:00

7;3u
0/T TAPE PLYBK
7:40
MANEUVER UPDATE
7:50
8:00
ALIGN PLATFORM
8: 10
8:20
8:30
SEPARATION AV .- 5 FT/ SEC
SEXTANT BOOSTER/STAR
OBSERVATION
FLASHING
,GHT EVAL.
p
R
T
A
N
N
I
G
H
T
8:40
8:50
9:00

Point of
Application
AV
SECO +30
5
5
Beginning of
3rd Rev (3:33)
5
99 min. later
(5:12) 4th Rev
12.5
76 min . later
(6:28) 5th Rev
21
106 min: later
(8:14) 6th Rev
12
l,5th or 16th Re]
30th Rev
25-30
45th Rev
62nd Rev
+llO
(or 66th Rev~':)
NOMINAL GT-4 TRANSLATIONAL MANEUVERS
HP/HA
After
Maneuvers
86/153
88/154
82/153
86/150
93/150
Direction
of Thrust
Posigrade
Retrograde
Posigrade
Retrograde
Posigrade
Posigrade
·1
I !
-1
,5 days
1"': Lifetime Adjustments
~·: For Pacific landing
+ If available
Translational
Thruster
Aft
Aft
Fwd
Aft
Various
Aft
}
Various
Aft
will be minimum requiried
Purpose
SIC-Booster Separation
Station-Keep on Booster
S/C - Separation
Rendezvous Maneuver
(Start intercept
Terminal Phase/Braking
Orbital Lifetime Adjust ­
*~'rAdjust lifetime - 4 days
Adjust lifetime -
3 days
Adjust lifetime - 2 days
Achieve OAMS Retrofire

0:00
0: 10
0:20
0:30
0;4-0
0:50
1:00
1; 10
l: 20
l :30
A NCH
SEC0+30 S/C SEP-5 FT/SEC
Y-AW 180°
NULL REL VEL- 5 FT /SEC (340 FT SEP)
INSERTION CHECKLIST
2-1 UPOAT
ALIGN PLATFORM
CNTL MODE CK
COMM. CH CK
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Dr. J . B. BlijfMf,R • Metallurgy
DE VER R SEARCH INSTITUTE
UNIV RSITY OF DENVER
ox 87. 6, Denver, Colorado 80210

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Astronauts Track Missile in Space
In 'Typical Day' Aboard Gen1ini 5
By Howard Simons
and appeared to have mas- man missile from Vandenberg
Washllliton Po•t Slat! Writer
tered the temperature-regu- Air Force Base in California.
HtOULSTOGN, dAug.C24-ASlJro- lating mechanism, which
nau s
.
or on
ooper
r.
. .
th
and
Charles
Conrad
Jr. g1vmg them
e chills
spotted, tracked and photo- c_auslng then:i to shiver,
graphed a Minuteman inter- tlcularly durmg sleep.
was
'Ihe 65-foot Minuteman was
and launched at 12:37 a.m. (EDT),
par- as part of a missile combat
crew training mission. Shortly
continental ballistic
missile
AStronaut Ja_mes McDivitt after the ICB 1 was off the
launched from California to- ~alled ~t a "typical" day, dur-
.
day as their Gemini 5 space- mg which the astronauts were pad Conrad spotted it. .
craft orbited the earth.
catching up with their experi-
The Minuteman was flying
"I see it, I see it!" Conrad ments. Some of these were a path 155 statute miles north
shouted
as
the
missile succ"ssful; Others were not.
of Gemini 5' path. The point
streaked through space on its
Cooper had repaired his of closest approach to the
way to a watery target in the faulty reticle, or gunsight, spacecraft was 201 miles. At
Pacific.
which helped the astronauts the time Conrad and Cooper
For two minutes the astro- better to pinpoint targets in tracked the missile, they were
nauts watched the Minuteman. space .and on the ground. 125 miles above the earth'sc; sur-
Conrad took six pictures of Hence, they took a beat-sens- face.
it. At the same ti~e, an _in- ing measm:emenJ of the star Questions Rai ed
!rared or heat-sensmg device Deneb, which they were un­
recorded the kind and amount able to do the day before. The
The fact that the hcat-sens­
of heat being emitted by the astronauts also have photo- ing measurements and the
solid-fueled ICBM-a thousand graphed the mysterious zodia- photographs
of
Minuteman
of which constitute the bulk cal light, which is thought to and other targets are being •
of America's strategic nuclear be a backscattering of light conducted for the J:?efense De•
punch.
from dust orbiting the earth. part~ent has raised some
Conrad and Cooper con-
.
.
questions here.
tinue to circle the earth in Trouble m Spotting
The problem,
essentially,
their fourth day. They have
Attempts to see giant 2000x seems_ to be th_is:
already been granted permis- 2000-foot eye charts on the
~a!,i~nal policy h:is cast the
sjon to continue their journey ground near Laredo
Tex activities of the National Aero­
for anoU1er day and Gemini have been less successful. Ai: 11:aut~cs and Space ~dministra­
ojficials see no current prob- though they could see smoke tio~ m a peaceful light. _Great
lems that might foreshorten from smoke pots set out to care h~~ been taken to divorce
an eight-day mission. If all help t!lem pinpoint the Laredo the m~li~3!Y aspects of space
goes well, the astronauts will charts, they first missed the from ci~illan program, notably ,
pass the four-day mark at charts altogether and then saw sp;ie f/;t~t e:~orr
.
r o u g h 1 y
10
a.m. •(EDT) two that they misidentified.
.
e
n ° m ormat10n be-
Wednegday.
More visible to the orbiting mg ~athered by Cooper a~d
"
"
"
.
.,
sightseers were contrails from Con~ad. does have po~~nbal
Dull and Typical
three airplanes near Jackson- application for the nuhtarr.
Today was
variously de- ville, Fla., "and all the streets
The challenge, t~erefore, 18
"b d
"d ll" ''t · l" ·n ·t (J k
-11 )
d th Whether the Nat10n should
sen e
a~
u ,
yp1ca, i
1
ac sonv1 e , an
e preclude all m"lit
• tT
and "busy "
Cape (Kennedy) and all the
-
•
d
t l\".
•.,
Flight Surgeo_n Ch a r le s way
own o ~m~u.
Berry charactenzed the day
But the experiment that
as "dull,'' which he explained caused the most excitement
is "a good day" medically. was the successful tracking by
The astronauts were "alert" the astronauts of the Minute­
.
. i ary sei_en 1 ic
and engmeermg expenments
from
ASA's activities
•
Chronology of astronauts'
fourth, day in orbit.
Page AIO.
'
i
~
~ f
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

y
Water Excess Forces Cut in Gemini's Power
111 a Washlncton Post sta.H Writer Conrad will have been in tinuously, ran out of gas. Just astronauts are expected to the skin sensors in his suit Conrad was told to get some
HOUSTON, Aug. 25 -
A space longer than any other how much this reduces the land in the Atlantic Ocean were more irritating than the sleep.
new problem aboard the Gem• human. When the astranauts value of the experiment is not off Bermuda at 10:27 a.m. bear~. "~ete's ~pressure) ,cuffs
ini 5 s~aft and a new pass Cosmonaut Valery F. yet known.
Sunday.
are 1tchmg him a lot,' he
.
Bykovsky's
1963
endurance
Discussing another medical
noted.
Amer1can.--t11an-in-space record record of 119 hours, it will also matter Dr. Berry said there Round-by-Round Story
.
9 29
~o~inatef tooay's orbital ac- ~ark the first time that Am_er- was absolutely no concem over Of Gemini. 5 Flight
61st Orbit- :
a.m.
tivities fl astronauts L. Gor• 1ca has wrested a ma3or the fact that apparently only
Cooper and Conrad watched
don Cooper Jr. and Charles manned space flight record one astranaut has had a bowel
HOrJ_STON, Aug. 25_ (UPI) the firing of a. rocket sled at
Conrad JJ'.
from Russia.
movement over the last four Here is a chronological OC· Holloman Air Force Base,
Too much nondrinking wa-
There were these
other days of flight. Indeed, accord-
coun! ?f the activities of the N.M. "There it goes, we see
ter is t,dng produced by Gem- highlights today:
ing to Dr. Berry, the astronauts Gemini 5 Astronauts:
it!" cried Conrad. "We could
ini's fut1 cell ,and threatens to
• Cooper and Conrad saw could maintain their present
.
see it very well, we were right
flood
the
power-producing and recorded a second Min- regimen for eight days with- 56th, 57th Orbits
on the money with the track•
cell. --To stem the flow of ex• uteman intercontinental bal• out ill effect.
No voice contact was estab- ing," Cooper reported. Th e
cess water, Gemini officials listic missile fired from Cali• Fu 1 C 11 P bl
lished with the spacecraft dur· astronauts used infrared de­
decided to reduce the amount fornia. They also saw and re-
e
e
ro em
ing its 16th orbit, which begao tection devices to measure ra•
of J:!(>Wet used by the astro· corded a rocket sled test at
As for the f~el . cell wat~r at 1:30 a.m., and during the diation from the rocket's en•
nauts fot experiments.
Hollomon Air Force Base in PI"?blem, what is mvolved is 57th the ship's track took it gine.
Flight Director Christopher New Mexico. And, after sev- this:
out of range of most of the
Columbus Kraft does not re- eral previous and unsuccess•
Fuel cells convert oxygen tracking stations.
62d Orbit-II :03 a.m.
gal'd the problem as serious. ful attempts, they got a good and hydrogen gases into elec•
.
The asta-onauts still will be look at the aircraft carrier tricity, heat and water. The 58th Orbits
. At the begmnlng of the or•
able to orbit for eight days. Lake Champlain.
more power the fuel cell is
With both astronauts awake, bit,
Cooper
_and
Con~ad
They still will be able to per•
"I can see her turning big- asked to produce, the more Gemini Control at Houston re• spotted the i::craft ~arri~r
form their planned experi- ger than heck,'' was the way of these byproducts it pro- layed a long list ef experi- ~ake C':13mp
stellJ!Ung m
ments. What will be limited Conrad put it.
duces.
ments for them to perform. circles in the Atlantic near
in the remaining days of the
• The astronauts took some
Similarly, lesser demands Cooper reported that the tight Ber.muda. At the end of the
flight are extra experimen~ pictures of Cuba. "Just scenic for electricity mean lesser schedule was still hampering o~it, they wat~h~d a second
that might have been added shots," said Cooper. They also amounts of water and heat, performance of experiments. Minuteman
m1ss1le. launch
to the space flight plan.
photographed cloud patterns, too. This is why the Gemini
from Va~denberg Air Force
thunderstorms and, on request officials have taken a "con- 59th Orbit--6:19 a.m. Base, Cahf. They were unab~e
New Space Record
.
of tsU.St.hWeat?edrtBurheautoscienh- servative" approach and or-
"We would like to request ~f tracdk thed.roctiket dont tht_eir
; The new record established tis •
ey tr1e . o P o grap dered the estrona)lts to use that we keep everything to a m r~
ra ia on
e ec ion
by Cooper and Conrad rough- the eye of tropical ~rm Do- less power.
minimum in the evenings," equipment.
ly at noon (EDT) today, in reen rou_~hly 200 miles south
Because the fuel cell water Cooper told fellow astronaut
Conrad repor_ted .~e s!eP,~
G-emini 5's 62d orbit, bested o\Haw~:i-
f
·1a a·
f rt is poor in color and taste Elliot M. See Jr. "We, for six hours last mght m bits.
that for duration of an Ameri•
n spi e O nu .
!scorn ° and high in acid, it is being some reason, are havin,J trou- 63d Orb" -12 •38
can space-flight
brought on by 1tchmg, con- used to press upon a plastic bl
1
·
" H
id
I
It
•
p.m.
•
tinued
cold
a d
sleepless
e s eepmg.
e sa
no se
The old 11" e cord was set .
n
bladder containing the astro- from the experiments posed a
Cooper made the flight sur•
early in June by astronauts nights, , Cooper . a~~ Conrad naut's normal drinking water problem.
geon's heart flip by remarking
James A: McDivitt and Ed· were sind ~ ~. m ex.tremely supply._ But the fuel cell is
onchalantly, "We feel much I
ward 1,Vh1te who stayed aloft go~d co~dition by K.taft and producmg more water than 60th Orbit-7:54 a.m. better since we got our suits
for 97 hours and 37 minutes, chief flight surgeon Charles desire~ an~ official~ fear :.f
Gemini Control relayed oon off." The surgeon
quickly
From the Control center Berry:
the
situation
contmues,
a gratulations to Cooper from realized Coo~r was joking.
here, McDivitt radioed the
Relief for some of Conrad's back-pressure could result and his wife Trudy on passing the Oonrad was a]low~d to remove
orbiting astronauts:
itching cam~ when h~ ~sked flood ~1;1t ~e fuel. c~ll.
total space flight record of 119 some inflatable pressure cuffs
"Let me be the first to con- for and r~ce1ved perm1~s1on to
Anticipating a suntlar prob- hours 6 minutes, counting his around his thighs. lie said
gratulate you on setting a new cut the t!ght pneumatic cuff~ le~ ?n longer flights, Geminl artier orbital flight.
they "itch pretty bad" an a
American record for manned around his thighs. Tb~ expel'l- ~ffm~ls already ~re develop-
Bad weather over Laredo
ere not working anyway.
spacecraft."
mental cuffs were designed to mg filters that will make the ex forced cancellation of a;
An even more impressive counter the effects of weight- fuel cell water dean and tast
est·, on this pass of whether
th Orbit-2: 13 p.m.
record will fall to the two lessness on the cardiovascular for drinking.
e astronauts could spot huge
Cooper reported he and
Americans at about 9 a.m. system. But the ~ower supply
Finally, Gemini officials .
eye charts on the ground.
onrad had completed all of
Thursday.
.
for the_ cuffs, which automati• nounced tod~y. tha~ barring
Cooper reported that he had the day's assigned
experi-
At that time Cooper and cally tighten and relax con- unforseen
difficulties, the seven hours of sleep. He said mcnts except one. The space•
:==;;;;:;;=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;..================;- his beard was itching, but that craft was powered down and
65th Orhit-3 :50 p.m.
Cooper photographed Trop•
ar.:
fi
t •I j
~,, ,
\
\
f
, . ,
THE WASHINGTON POST
ical Storm Doreen in the Pa•
cific as an experiment for the
Weather Burea~
.
The 66th or~, ~:h b~a:
at 5:2: Ptn;·:02 ~
th w68fh
~nnina t 8_36
e
tly
egi
g _a
• •. apparen
were relatively quiet.
Thur5dar: ~~'· 26, 1965 All
1la\1ari'an
RESTAURANT J ..
Celebrari,, ­
y~ '
727 11tt,,.

f
] 0 Fednudoy, Au,. 25, 1965 THE
HowItWenton Gemini's4thDay
On thew Gemini 5 spa.ce- 43d Orbit--4:50 a.m.
landmarks near Dallas was
The astronauts said they
flight 11eaterda11, Aatronauts
The spacecraft made contact abandoned because of a cloud took about six photographs of
t . Gordon Coopff Jr. and with the Camarvan, Australia cover ov1.>r the target area, but th
fl.yin
rocket
d
ad
Charl'1s Conrad Jr. sighted a tracking station and flight ot>'. the astronauts insisted on try.
e
g
an
m e
Minuteman
launching
and server Chuck Lewis g
th Ing
the
experiment
later. infrared measuremenw of Its
repaired an important sight- astronauts landing
/ve f "We're going to pick a good exhaust plume.
ing q,tem aboard their craft. ment data
an expcr • site somewhere over the U •
Conrad a~ spotted Hollo-
Following i., a chronological
•
and get it because we're all man Air Forte Base,
.M., and
account. 111 compiled from
th Orbil-6:27 a.m.
ri~~i~r !!;~~nr:e'!x,S::!i a e:e w~~1J°!:r f::!:'.
!'ews di,pntches,. with .times
With both astronauts wide few minutes later the men
As they ended the Ol'blt, the
1n Eaitcnt Da11light Tune.
awake and the spacecraft pass- were able to get a picture of astronauts had their radar
_.n.L Orbit
12 •05
ing o~er the United States, a ship west of Bennuda.
trained on Cape Kennedy and
....,._..
-
•
.m. Gemini Control at Houston re-
reported they were able to
The palr drifted qUletly lnto layed instrument readings and 47th Orbit-11:12 a.m. keep in touch with ~ Cape
the 40th orbit with Conrad e periment directions to the
A G
I 1,.
h d C l longer than expected.
crew.
s em n ., approac e
a•
a leep. Dr. Duana Catterson at
This exchange between com• lfom!a, a Minuteman missile 48th Orbit-12:47 p.m.
Gemini Control in Houston municator David Scott
an was fired from Vandenberg Ir
reported the astroriauta bad astronaut. and Conrad 'took Force Base. Calif.
Cooper and Conrad zeported
place·
At an altitude of' 125 miles, they were getting "•om e
consumed 13 pounds of water
Se~tt-"Okay. You look real Cooper and Conrad got a fine strange readouts" from their
each, "pretty nearly an optl· good here on the ground. Do view.
on-board computer. Officials
mum curve for water intake" you have any questions on the
Conrad: "I see it, l see it ... said the signals were not a
• experiments?"
Hey Gordo! Right through that cause of "major concern." but
I Orbit-I :38 a.m.
Conrad-"No. I'd say we got bole In the clouds. There be would
be watched closely.
l
a full day J hope we can get goes, bigger than heck."
Cooper and Conrad finally
Conrad continued sleeping them all· done. How's the
Cooper: "Yeah, we saw him spotted the checkerboard eye
sound]y and only one contact we-ather back there in Hous- going •way out above us."
chart laid out near Laredo,
was made wltb ground track- ton?"
The Minuteman, climbing in Tex.
Ing station during the orbit.
Scot&-"Oh, It's real nice. a high suborbital arc, came
•
42 d Orb ,.......3 •14
Just hot and sunny as usual. within 200 miles of Gemini 5,
9th Orbit-2.22 p.m.
D
it
•
a.m. No rain in particular. Just Space Agency officials said.
Space off I c i a Is on the
The quietest orbit or the once in a whUe a little thunder-
Conrad reported he sighted ground noted Cooper sounded
I night thus far, in terms of storm."
the Minuteman 10 seconds "Just a wee bit tired." He was
space. to. ground communica-
onrad-"Rog.''
after launch when it had given a long updating on the
Uon. For a '70-minute period
tt-"Say, we've noticed pierced the overcast. The Min- flight plan and waa told to
the spacecraft was out of voice that the temperature up there uteman peaked at an altitude watch for the Kilauea volcano
contact range. Conrad was still is a little cooler than we ex• of 575 miles and headed down in Hawaii on the next orbit.
asleep and Cooper bad a meal. pectcd. How's your comfort?" the Air Force western test The astronauts hoped to meas­
Cooper aaid he had reassem-
onnd-"Cold, We a.re tak• range over the Pacific Ocean ure the Intensity or infrared
bled a defective reticle "and It ing the inlet hoses off' our to hit a mythical targel
radiation from the volcano.
worts fine," The reticle ls a suits every once in a while to
sighting device necessary for warm up. It has been quite
tbe success of a number of cold."
Gemini 5 experiments.
Chief Flight Director Chrl •
topher Kraft Jr. said good
t ==========:__-::- morning to the astronaut and
told them, "You are doing a
good job up there."
Conrad-"l'll tell you one
thing, Mr. Krall Gordo' beard
is white.
Kraft-''A Rip
an Winkle,
eh?"
Conrad: -
"Nope, Santy
Claus."
Cooper-"Boy, putting those
two coolant loops in the circuit
really cooled it down. We both
have been sitting here shiver­
ing for the last few hours."
Kralt--"Tum the valve to
warm and it ill shut off the
flow completely. We will mon­
itor on the ground and let you
know lf it gets too cool"
45th Orbit-8:03 a.m.
Cooper bad a meal consisting
of orange dnnk. spaghetti and
meat, butterscotch pudding,
touted brea:t cubes and cbeeee
sandwiches. He said he saw
three airplanes approaching
Jacksonville, Fla. He and Con•
rad saw smoke signals sent up
near Laredo, Tex., to help them
find a huge pattern of white
gypsum )aid out on the ground,
but the)ll could not see the pat­
tern. Fellow astronaut James
McDivitt told the men they
could go at leut 82 orbits.
46th Orbit-9:35 a.m.
An attempt to photograph

I
Tuwlay, .lag. 24, 1965 THE WASHI lGTON POST
A6
GEMINI-From Page Al
GeminiMakesPrecisionManeuvers
NASA Photo from ttPI
Mrs. Charles Conrad Jr., accompanied by
and gets a first-hand view of the progress
her father, Winn DuBose, sits in the view•
of her husband's flight aboard the Gemini
Ing booth behind Gemini Control Center
5 spacec:raft.
-----------~---------------------~--­
Chronological Account of Orbits
As Space Flight Enters 3d Day
Following is the chronol- for the pilot (roughly six banter turned into an im­
ogy of the Gemini 5 $pace quarts eaoh). I'm just getting promptu variety act with this auts rep?rted seeing their sumed was that the Agena The co:nference is devoted to
flight of Astrona1otts L. Gor- ready to eat Meal Co,arlie."
exchange between the capsule home temtory of Houston, and was in an elliptical orpit whose "the exploration of Mars and
don Cooper Jr. and Chari.es
and Houston:
nearby
Clear
and
Ta~lor high point and low point were Venus."
Conrad_ Jr., compiled from 30th Orbit-8:14 a.m.
l\IcDivitt: "You sure do talk Lakes. They also saw Florxda. about 210 and 141 miles re-
Strong described for 250
news dispatches.
The astronauts reported that a lot."
1the Bahamas and Cuba.
.
spcctively. To effect a near scientists the instrumentation
Shortly after midnight Sun- each had slept a t~tal of about
Conrad: "Say again."
: ~u; the!e wf ~ 1f: t.::Y did rendezvous wiith the imaginary and techniques of the Novem­
day Gemini 5 had completed 10 hours since the :llight began
McDivitt: ''I said you sure ~~ th!erau~t• ::ti:le. M:~de Agena the as~ronauts _had to ber,_ 1964, bal_loon.8:5Ce~t pro­
24 orbits and 38 hours of its at 10 a.m. Saturday. The do talk a lot"
f
1 Y as
1
ed maneuver their craft mto an ducmg the 1dentif1cation of
121 - orbit 190. hour scheduled oxygen pressure, at more than
C
d "\V.h t d
t ~r exfamp e_. wraft caarnp·eannand orbit with high and low points ice crystals in the atmosphere
'
100
d
10
d
onra :
• a
o you wan v1ew o an aire
r
f 193
d 124
·1
bo
th
f V
W t
h d
voyage.
poun s, was up
poun s
t d
. ,,
?" destroyer· a star called Denub o
an
m1 es a ve
e o
enus.
a er vapor
a
from the previous day and 40 me O 0 , sm., you a song·
. '
. .
• earth.
been discovered on a 1959 bal­
12 15
d f
th 1
• t S t
M n-v·tt· "Th'nk you can?" and a Mmuteman m1ss1le sent
l
fli ht
25th O b•
1
r it-
:
a.m. poun s rom . e ow pom
a •
' c 1 1 ;,
.
·,, aloft from Cape Kennedy,
After four maneuvers, in- oon
g ·
Gemini Control at Houston urdaY when it appeared that
Cooper: He smgs off key. which though not planned to eluding an orbital plane
He speculated that a 120­
concluded that Conrad's hus- the misSiOn might have to
Conrad:
(in
a
singsong) be viewed by the orbiting as- change of roughly 1-50th of a mile-an-hour wind on the face
ky voice resulted from lack splas~ down P;ematurely after "Over the ocea?,. ove~ ~he tronauts, was the object of degree, Gt'.mini 5 virtually of Venus drags the i«:e crystals
of sleep and not from any the sixth orb~t. Con~ol gave blue, here's Gemm1 5 smgmg their attention as they passed achieved the high and low around to the back side, there,
serious throat condition. Dr. the cap_sule ~ structions for to you. (Pause) Well, I'm going roughly 1000 miles away.
points desired.
presumably, to become the
Duane Catterson said it had perform':°g a simulated ren~ez- back to talking."
In spite of their difficulties
An orbital p I a n e change "warming snowfall."
"not affected his ability to 1usn wi;h a ~:ke • believe
McDivitt: "Get you a job in viewing the world around works this way:
.
Dr. Strong told the engi­
perform." Cooper continued thge ah 3~~et b't
the 32d with the Houston Astros."
them, Cooper and Conrad are
The plane of every orbit cuts neers, teachers and research-
to catch up on sleep.
roug
or is.
At 11:18 a.m. control told doggedly performing as many through the earth's center. ers from universities, space
31st Orbit-9•47 am
the spacemen they could go at of the 17 medical, engineering Most of these orbits are with exploration cotnp·anies and
26th Orbit-I :48 a.m.
. .
•
• • least until the 47th orbit or and scientific experiments as reference to the Equator. The government that man's cur-
Conrad tried several simple
The mission passed the two- until about noon Tuesday.
possible.
angle the plane makes to the rent knowledge of Venus owes
ex eriments ~ the capsule day_ mark•.The a$tronauts
Equator
iS
its
inclination. as much to "Gulliverian spec-
p~sed over central
Asia agam complamed of the work- 32d Orbit-II:21 a.m. Pod Heat Measured
Through the use of propulsion, ulation" as to documented re-
Cooper woke up and Conrad load .0rde:ed by Gro~nd C<;>n-
The astronauts powered up·
Indeed, today an Air Force spacecraft can alter that incli- search.
began a long sleep. Ground trol m thlS conversation ~!th their equipment and executed spokesman reported that the nat~on a!ld, hence, change
Later this year, he said, an-
Control said the flight "looked astir~naut James_ A. McD1v1tt, the first of four blasts from astronauts had recorded more their orbital pJane.
other balloon carrying equip-
m ssion communicator at Hous-
than an hour of rad1·at1·on data·
·
·
real good."
ton·
their maneuvering rockets to .
.
•
ment from his laboratory is
.
c·ooper: "You might have a change their orbit and bring infor~ation on the_ amount Police Reinforced
~xpected_ to bring back more
27th Orbit-3:31 a.m. little talk with the flight plan them into theoretical rendez- and kmd of heat emitted both
mformation on the character­
•
al
th
•
•
by objects of nature and man- After Ramleh Attack
istics of Venus
The orbit began
ong
e ning people. They're filling us vous with the phantom Agena,
d
b.
.
d
•
west coast of South A~eri~a just a little bit too full We whose track was being pro- ~! \~u~Jts-m space an on
Reurers
He told the conference the
near the equator. While his can't get the equipment nut to- grammed by a ground com-
0 g
•
d
b. t .
TEL AVIV A
R .
automated, unmanned baloon
23
companion remained in a gether and torn apart in. the puter. By comparing the lat-
. ne man-ma e O Jee in par-
,
ug_.
-
em- is much preferable to the
0
deep sleep, Cooper made con- time they're putting these ter "."i~h the actual track of ;~1~!:\i~e !~:11i::!i:r:Ja~u- :oure~ ~e iowns~p
: :am~ manned vehicle; _also that a
tact with the Canary Island things together."
Gem1m 5, Control would later
'
.
. Y oure
e wons P O
11:ID balloon gondola is never an
tracking
station
and
con-
McDivitt: "Okay. Gordo, I'll estimate the closeness of the th~ aStranauts for its heat Sig- leh,thwhere a ckrodwdt~f JeAwishb easy base from which to fix on
ducted a successful purge of take a check on that
I simulated linkup.
naTuhre. A.
F
k
you ts atttac de
e
ra and track a planet like Venus.
th f 1
11
gen and hv th· k
f h
t1· h. •1·
e
1r
orce spo esman quar er yes er ay.
D
Di k B
di
t
e ue ce
oxy
.,-
m
one O t e
ig t Pan-
.
noted from a preliminary an-
The youths attacked the
r.
c
rouwer,
rec or
dro~en_ systems. He aso made ning problems, ~ordon, is 33d Orbit-12 :56 p.m. alysis that it gave off roughly Arabs after the funeral of a of Yale University o~erva­
penod1c chec~ on _electx:on that the weather 1s not too
Cooper and Conrad per- as much heat as had been an- Jewish youth killed on Friday tory, spoke on the orbits of
and ion flux mteracbon with ?"ood todal-'., so they are tr~- formed two more rendezvous ticipated.
in a collision between his mo- Mars and Venus.
the spacecraft.
mg to . stick them (exper1- ~aneuver:s. The command
This is the first time that a torcycle and a taxi driven by
He was aske~ by report~rs
28 I O b 't-5•05
ments) m where,, they have p1lot spot~ed a ~uge cheeker- space object has been studied an Arab. Some 12 Arabs were about speculation about life
t 1
r 1
•
a.n~. good weat~er • • •
board design laid out on the in this manner by Americans injured in the attack. Police on Mars.
Coo Per ate a substan~al
Cooper: Yeah, w~ll some of ground near Laredo, Tex., as from space. Such infrared or said today they had arrested
"Cross it off," he answered
meal of concentrates of chick• these - • • were Just bang, a test of the astronauts' abil- heat-sen.sing devices could 22 of the youths.
with a laugh.
en and gravy, bacon and eggs bang, bang right together. We ity to see from more than 100
and chocolate pudding. Con- just can't do them that close miles in space.
rad continued to sleep.
together. That's rather poor;
.
•
planniJ?-g:" "
,.
·i 34th Orbit-2 :31 p.m.
29th Orbit-6.39 a.m.
McD1v1~t:.. Okay.
The astronauts completed
Conrad woke up and had
Conrad.
We got to watch-the make-believe rendezvous
the f O 11 ow ing conversation these le~s changes. \~e got attempt and learned they had
with the Canary Island track- every piece of_ gear m t~e come within two minutes of
ing station:
spacecraft floatmg around . m being in the right spot at the
Surgeon: "You're pumping ~~~e. We can't keep up with
full scale. We have a good it.
. .
"
,,
blood pressure . .. Giye me a
McDivitt: Roger, roger.
mark when you begin exercis-
The~ ~ate~;
ing "
McD1vitt: Hey, Pete. Gem-
Co
d· "Sta d by- mark,, ini 5 Houston here. Why don't
mand pilot (Cooper) is takmg Mexico."
S nra • . "Wn ha e
urgeon.
~
v a go~d you make a few comments for
the better sex."
blood pressure.
Conrad: "Hello there. We
Conra~: "Roger, t?e c~m- just passed over Tampico,
his two-hour period nap now.
M D. .· t t· "P t
p t
.
t
c
I v l
•
e e,
e e.
The pilot (Co~rad) slep _abo_ut Jane's up here. Why don't
4 hours ~5 mmutes o_f his ..sJX- you say something?" (Jane ls
hour period, very soundly.
Conrad's wife.)
Surgeon: "How's your water
Conrad: "Hello there. How's
intake?"
all the boys (his four sons)
Conrad: "Twelve and a half doing?''
pounds of water for the com-
McDivitt: "She says fine."
mand pilot, 11 pounds 3 ounces
Still later in the orbit, the
right time. Then they turned
off much of their electrical
equipment, successfully per­
formed a routine test of their
fuel cell system and settled
down for some' sleep and
meals.
35th Orbit--4:07 p.m.
\Vhile Conrad slept Cooper
·
'
snapped P1«:tures or se~ected
landmarks m an experiment
designed to help future astro­
nauts
navigate
successfully
home from the moon. A med­
ical check indicated b Oth
spacemen were in excellent
condiotion. Cooper was told
weather conditions around the
world were good.
36th Orbit-5:43 p.m.
Conrad reported that the
temperature gauge in the
capsule cabin had failed, but
he said a hand-held gauge
was wo1·king. Ground Control
said the temperature reading
made from telemetry data
was 74 degrees. During the
• orbit, the astronauts photo­
graphed a tropical storm.
37th Orbit-7:19 p.m.
The Ground Control center
repo1-ted that the radar set
aboard the spacecraft was be­
coming too cold. To warm it
up, officials ordered the as­
tron3uts to turn the radar on.
The temperature rose from
16 degrees to 26 degrees,
which is normal. All other
~ystems aboard the capsule
were also operating normally.
AdnrllHmltll
looks very good for eight days Iprove useful to the military
and there is nothing that says for sate 11 it e inspection in
it shouldn't."
space.
In a mishap on the ground,
The radar evaluation pod,
trouble developed in a com- which was to have played a
putcr memory system at Gem- significant role in a Gemini 5
ini 5 mission control late to- rendezvous attempt on Satur­
d
1·s _,,.
ected to plunge
day, but was cleared up with- . ay,
-..xp
,
in 11 minutes.
mto the ~arth s . ~tmosph~re
.
.
and
a
fiery d1smtegration
The f3:ilure m the memory during the .evening of Aug. 26.
syste~ did not adversely :affect Today, Gemini officials indi­
the fhght. It developed m the cated that if they knew on
histo_rical. data dru_ms, which Saturday what they know
d
1
f
provide mstant
1sp ays o now it might have been pos­
flight trends.
sible to have carried out their
After the problem was original rendezvous plans with
solved, personnel, who had the small pod.
calculated lost data manually,
Since Saturday, ground tests
programmed the trends into have shown that would have
the drums. The drums store been possible with the amount1---,---------- tary fighter planes.
there 1~ a
possibility they
flight information for 12 hours, of oxygen available on Satur-
Tooth-brushing is just that. may famt when they leave
then are erased.
day. What the officials did not Venus Heat
The brush hangs on the space- t~eir capsule at the end o!
The failure occurred at 6:23 know at that time was when
craft interior by means of the eight days.
.
p.m. (EST) during the 37th the falling pressure in the
material used as fasteners O-ll
Dr. Howard Mmners said
orbit.
oxygen would stabilize, if at He'J Caused
golf
gloves
and
women's. they might experience the
As for the astronauts, their all.
UI,
purses
faintness a pe~son feels who
day was filled with experi-
Nonetheless
Gemini
offi-
There is no toothpaste on has been bedridden for some
ments, sightseein~ from space, cials obviously are delighted By Snowfall
board so the astronauts squirt time and first gets to his feet.
and some complamt.
with their ma1reshift simulated
their 'mouths full of water,
"The treatment is simple,"
,
·
""\'. -
d
brush and swallow.
said Minners. "Lie down." He
Coopers Complaint
rendezvous carried_ out to_ ay.
BLACKSBURG, Va., A.ug.
Washing after each of the called the faintness "ortho-
The complaint came from
It involved making believe 23 (AP)-Venus, the --red hot day's four meals is done with static hypertension'.)>
Cooper. In a brief flare-up of tha~ an Ag_ena. rocket was aL planet between the earth and wash pads and towels that re- -----=:--::--=;-----­
irritability, the normally la- a given po~nt m space-act~- the sun, is almost as hot on
West Va.
conic astronaut said the flight ally the pomt a real A~ena is its "black side"-the side away --------·---­
planners were not giving the expected. to be at.d~rmg tJ:ie from the sun-as its lighted
astronauts enough time to get f<;>rthcommg ~emmi 6 mis- face, and it is kept hot by
their chores done. "We can't sion. Then, usmg !adar data snowfalls, a Johns Hopkins
get the equipment put to- !~~dsg!~~:~;;~~o~,mi~~~: U:?iversity theoretical physi­
g_ether and torn apa:t by the instructing Cooper and Con- cbt speculated today. . .
ti~e they are putting these rad to maneuver on four dif- . Dr. John Strong, a pioneer
thmgs ,,<th~ experiments) to- ferent occasions during three m balloon telescope ast~on­
gether, said Cooper.
revolutions around the earth. omy. dropped this cunous
Report on Sightings
item into the scientifi<:. pot on
How Craft Was Maneuvered
the first day of Virginia Tech's
As for the sights, ~he astron-
What Gemini officials as- fifth annual space conference.
----------------111
-
-
-~ __
- ■-■-■-■---.-...---;---­
11
Staking of Claims
On Moon Ruled Out
A•OOCl&ted Press
The
Government has
some advice for would-be
moon homesteaders: For­
get it.
"The moon belongs to
the world, not the first ar­
rival," said a spokesman
for the National Aeronau­
tics aDd Space Adm.iniStra­
tion.
"We assume that any ex­
ploration there will be
handled on an interna­
tional cooperative basis
much like that in Ant­
arctica."
Over the years, how-
A
i
ever,
many
mer cans
have contemplated a life
beyond eal'th. Some even
filed claims with a county
recorder, listing the moon
or part of it as their own.
Disposal of Body Waste
Is Easy for Astronauts
HOUSTON, Tex., (AP)-Dis- semble deodorant pads and
f
1 th
posal of body waste is no prob- ace c O s.
.
The pads are treated with a
lem on the space trip of astro- nontoxic disinfectant that has
nauts L. Gord0n Cooper- Jr. no odor but does clean and is
and Charles Conrad Jr.
lint-free.
A plastic bag with a new-
Cooper and Conrad will re­
style adhesive lip is used for semble grizz_led ~ld prospectors
collection of feces The adhe- because scientISts have not
prevents the formation of bac- Fa1"nt1"ng Possible
sive provides a se~ure attach• fou_nd a way to get
_
rid of
ment to the body.
whiskers.
A germicide inside the bag
•
t .
d
eria an gas.
. After use, soiled items, toilet At Orbits' End
tissues and ,a wet towel are
placed in the bag, which tnen
A B O A RD USS L A KE
is sealed, rolled and stowed in
empty food container spaces.
CHAMPLAIN AT SE~, Aug.
The bags will be brought 23 (UPI)-The physician for
back to earth for analysis.
the
Gemini
5
astronauts
Urine is disposed 01 with an aboard the recovery carrier
adaptation of the relief tube
.
•.
system currently used in mili- Lake ~ham~~am . s~!d , today

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1. Pictures wi 1 be taken befo1·e opening the hatch: (Before de-pressurization)
What will happen to the film when the hatch is opene ? ~d' I
/
ff.r.d-)f 3 7
, /?
GT- ,s-
T.s,vi. ~
2. During pressurization:
~
~ fl{~~ ~
rf-
ow long can you use the film?
30 nins? or what?
~~t/e_ \}.J
3. Pressurization in cati~:
After exposure to outside (outer space) and a very low ternp.(10 deg.F.),
how long will it take for the film to recover?
4. Will cold temp. cause problems with rolling the film? lill it break?
If one waited a period of time ~side capsule, how long would this be?
~~1lJ~ --­
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U. S. GOV£ttNMENT PRl
OFll'
US3 or-t7184S
NASA ROUTI
SLIP
ACTION
CODE
NAME (if 111msary)
APPROVAL
CONCURRENCE
FILE
INFORMATION
INVESTIGATE AND ADVISE
NOTE AND FORWARD
NOTE AND RETURN
PH REQUEST
ltfCOIAA\ENDATION
SEE ME
SIGNATURE
REPLY FOR SIGNATURE Of,
NAME ,
h??s,,O
6.
7.
REMARKS:
FROM:
CODE ,
NASA Porro 26 (Rev. Jan. 1963)
U. S. GOV£ttNMENT PRl l"I Tl NG OFll' ICIE:
v. an. 19 3)
l"ITlNG
ICIE
US3 or-t7184S

•
O~TIONAL. "°"M NO. 10
-
5010-107
MAY 1112 EDITION
"-
G-SA GEN. ftEG. NO. 27
4NITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Memorandum
TO
SM/Manned Space Science
DAT~ 2 JUL 1965
M- C
MGS
1352 . 2
FROM
MG/Deputy Director , Gemini Program
SUBJECT:
Technical Analysis of Gemini (GT- 4) Photography
~
The attached TWX on the subject matter from Willis Foster to
Robert Piland on July 16, 1965, has been coordinated by Mr. Liccardi
of my office and Dr. Gill of your office.
I believe that this TWX
satisfies the request of your letter to me of July 16, 1965 on the
same subject.
I do not anticipate any problems in your office receiving the S- 5
70MM film, however, should you encounter any difficulties my office
will prepare additional authorization that may be deemed necessary
to expedite this matter .
cc :
Dr. J . Gill
Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan

(no extractable text)

(no extractable text)

•
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS A D SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WAS HINGTON, 0 .C.
20546
IN REPLY REFER TO:
SM ( JRG : com )
Dr .
F . Sa ie dy
U. S .
We
t her Burea u
J tion al ~ea t her Sa t ellit e Center
S uitland ,
Maryl a n d
Dear Dr . Saie dy :
He are pleased to infor m you t1at t 11e Office of ";p dc e
Scie n c e and A p licati ons has r ccom en ded to th e 0.flicc
of Manne d Spa ce Fli g ht th t
t he fo llowine; cxper.irnent
be f lo wn on thee rly Gemini se ri es of man n ed ~p~c
flights :
Title :
Spectroph oto 1.; r aphy of Clou ds
,,,,
Princi pa l
In v e s tigator :
Dr . r . ~aiedy
Spons orin g Institution :
lJ . S •
.-le ;_i t her Bur e du
:~ tio nal \/~ather Sa t ellite Ce nter
Present p l ans c a ll fo r ten manned Gemi ni mi ~si ons , cp eccl
three months apart , beginnin g in t he last quar t er of C~lcn<l,r
Yea r
1 964 ,
Overall re sponsibility f or manned sµ, c c s c.i.cncc
investi gations i s assigned to Mr .
1,/ illi s
i3 .
fo::it e r ,
Director ,
Manne
Spa c e Science Di v ision ,
f /\ SA lleud, uc1rtur" .
Th e
M nne d ;.,pacecraft C~n t er , i!o u sto , !1a:::; lH?en as::,i.;ned
i mp le menta t i on respo1 s i b ility .for t he Gemini s ci e nti f ic
y lo ad u nde r the d irection of Dr .
,Jo c e l yn Gill ,
Cliie r ,
In - Fli g h t
Sciences , am mbe r o f
Mr .
Foster ' s :,t.:i ff .
'.-J i.11
yo u p le ase inform Dr . Gill by letter o f any co- inveG t ii.:,, tor { ~ )
officially
sociated witli your e xperiment .
Tc h nic ..i l
coo rd i n at i o n f o r y o u r
e x e r i ru c n t
w i 1 1 iJ e ll n d l c d by
i· r .
Roy Stokes , 'Ian e d
~
c c1~"1f t
r ,~nt ~
lo uston , Te;.:a::; ,
tele pho n e number , d U 3 - 7 6 3 3 •
In accord a nce with th e
N~ tio a l Aro~ ti cs ad ~P J u
i\.Jm i.11.i. :; tr a t i o,1 1 ~
t,olj ' Y lor the rel ~<.1..;.., of cl.1 L ...i ,
t::-: 1c 1'i.1n ntcr:;
are ,.,runteJ a pe ri od of tinie f'o r ex ~ Lu.;.i.vl! u:;e of Lil· d,..1 L,1.
For
em.i.ni. , you ..:ire ~ rant ..:d ,
c
i oJ of si.x month::;
reo 111
t he rec!c!i p t
o f
t he ,J.., ta .
l [ thi ~;
~me IJCr.i.ocl
.i. ., rot
s.:1. ti :;;fact ory , p l e.:isC? 2.et ..i.n touc,1
1-1ith Dr .
'ill t,J
li. ~:c u ..;:;
a
e r'j ,,l .. ·, · cl, \t ,iu l cl oe mu tu allJ
t: ru'-'u;>le to th,~
1l ,' ,;r1 ,t!i•l
/ Ourself .

•
-2­
Experimenters a re encouraged to p ub.:'..isl1 experimental
results promptly in order to inform the scientific
community dS early as possible .
II :, il:? f analysi~ of
experimental re s ult s 1ith illus trations
I here appropr i ate
is required to be f urnishe d to the 8 Xperi mcn t
co o rdinator
within t1-10 reeks followin~ t he mission for the
>u:::;tldu ch
memorandum prepar ed by Ma nne d Space_raft Canter .
Experi menters a re also encouraged t:, coordinate c1 n t1
exchange data amonu t hemsel v s in order' t o enhance to
ti1e f ulle s t extent , the sc ienti f ic .;e nefitc o f e dch
mission .
It i s i mp ort a nt to th e co nduct of yo ur ex­
eriment that all
emini s ched uled dli n s be m t
and th t y ou kee p your HSC e xperi men t coordinator i n ­
formed on progress of your experiment at all ti mes .
We hope that t he plannin g o f your e x~e ri ment an d the
constru ction and integration of your flight hard wa r e will
be brought to sati sfactory completi on in or der that your
experiment , a lon g with those o f
t he other expe riment e r .
on the attached list , may serve to make the Gemini scien ific
payload a successful addition t o th e United S t a t es ~p ace
Pro gram .
S incere ly yours ,
!lamer E: . ::e;e ll
Associ · t e lldrni ni s trat o r
f or Spa ce Sc i e nce & llppl ic nt ion ~
Enc losure :
List of
Approved Cxperimenters

c,-T10NAL. f"'OflM NO. 10
-
.SOlG-107
_. MAY 1942 EDITION
Gs.\ C:EN , R G, NO. .2.1
NITED STATES GOVERNME
emorandum
TO
SM/Manned Space Science
DATE:
M- C
MGS
1352. 2
FROM
MG/Deputy Director, Gemini Program
SUBJECT:
Technical Analysis of Gemini (GT-4) Photography
The attached TWX on the subject matter from Willis Fos ter to
Robert Piland on July 16, 1965, has been coordinated by Mr . Liccardi
of my office and Dr. Gill of your office .
I believe that this TWX
satisfies the request of your letter to me of July 16, 1965 on the
same subject .
I do not anticipate
ny problems in your office receiving the S- 5
70MM film, however, should you encounter any difficulties my office
will prepare additional authorization that may be deemed necessary
to expedite this matter.
William C. Schneider
cc :
Dr . J . Gill
Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan

NAME OF AG8'1CY
I
PRECEDENCE
ACTION,
I
INFO.,
PRIORITY
UNCLASSIFIED
NASA BEADQUAfm!RB
THIS BLOCK FOR USE OF COMMUNICATIONS UNIT
TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGE
OFFICIAL aus,NESS
U.S. GOVERNMENT
MESSAGE TO BE TRANSMITTED (Use double spocing ond oll copitol letters)
TH IS COL. FO R AGEN CY USE
MR. ROBERT O, PILAND
EXPERIMENI'S PROGRAM OFFICE
MANNED BPACECRAFr CENI'ER
HOUSTON, TEXAS
I?iFO TO:
DR. PAUL LOWMAN, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CEN•fi!B,
GREENBELT, MARYLAND
MR. LEO CHILDS, CODE ET22, MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER Sn
HOUSTON, TEXAS
IT IS REQUESTED THAT YOU AUTHORIZE TBE APPROPRIATE AUI'HORITIES AT
me TO RELEASE THE ORIGINAL FIIM OF SPOOL 3 OF MAGAZINE 8 (WHICH
w
COVERS TBE Sou.rBWESTERN O,S.) TO MB., LEO CHILDS, MSC, FOR 2 TO 3
2
5
"' x
I­
DAYS.
MR. CHILOO WILL CARRY IT TO DATA CORPORATION, DAYTON, OHIO
0 z
• MICROSENSITOMETER.
0
>­
w
FOR MEASUREMENT ON THEIR
THE PURPOSE OF THESE
..,
w
C) <
MEASUREMENTS IS TO DETERMINE THE TRUE RESOLUTION OF THE _S-5 70 mm
"' "'
w l'
w
PHOTOGRAPHY ON GT-4.
WE REFER 'ro A TELEPHONE CONVERSATION BE'lWEEN ...
~
...
0
EMORY HARRIS OF YOUR OFFICE AND ANTHONY LICCARDI, OMSF, LAST NIGHT. z
0
0
WHIU: MAKING THE RESOLUTION ANALYSIS WE ARE ASKING DATA
CORPORATION TO MAKE FIVE (5) SETS OF CONTACT P.Rml'S .AND ONE (l.)
DUPLICATE NIDATIVE OF SEIECTED FRAMF.S UBING VERY FID-GRAINED
MATERIALS WHICH GIVE .AIMOST 1~ TRANSFER.
THESE PRINTS AND FIIM
WILL BE USED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS BY AGENCIES IN THE WASHINGTON
AREA.
PAGE NO.

lllAME Of AGENCY
PRECEDENCE
ACTION :
INFO.:
a-,-----------------------l TYPE Of MESSAGE
Cl AS SI FICA TION
ACCOUNTING CLASSlflCA TION
0 SINGLE
D BOOK
STANDARD FORM I•
REV. MARCH 15, 1957
□
MUlTI-AOORESS
GSA REGULATION 2- IX-30 1.00
t::-:::-:~=-===:-:-::-:-::------=------------...l......!:::::......:.::.:...:.:.:.:.:.=------1 14-304
THIS BLOCK FOR USE OF COMMUNICATIONS UNIT
TELEGRAPHIC M ESSAGE
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
U. S. GOVERNMENT
MESSAGE TO BE TRANSMITTED (Use double spocing ond oil capitol leffen)
AGENCY USE
PAGE 'lWO
DB. PAUL UMWi PRI?fCIPAL DM'Sl'IGATOR ON TBE B-5 EXPERIMDT HAS
Coz«ruRRED :m THESE .ABRA.BGIMEN'l'.
IT IS 'URDJ!:RS'l'OOD TBAT
MR. LEO CHILDS WILL SAFEGUARD 'l'1IE FILM IN 'l'RAHSIT AND Mr DATA
CORPOBATIO •
AT DATA CO.RPOBATION THE CONTACTS .Am:
MB. WILUAM GOROG, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD AID MR. ROBERT BOOBE.
WE WILL GREA1'LY APPRmIATE YOOR EXPEDITING OUR OBTAIBI.BG THIS
~ SCIDTIFIC DATA WBICR CAB BB AC UIRID FROM THE S-5
70 mm FIIM.
WILLIS B. P'OS'l'ER
DIRICTOR
MARNED SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAMS
cc: Ml/Schneider
MJS/Liccardi
BM/Colvocores ee
PAGE NO.
NO. Of P4GES
2
2
NAME AND TITLE Of ORIGINATOR (Typ<t)
ORIGIN4TOR'S TEl. NO.
D4TE AND TIME PREP4RED
Jocel:.)'n R. Gill
7/16/65
2:00
•• •
UNCLASSIFIED
v" (Si9nolv,.)
• u.s GOVERHMEHl PRI NTING OfflC[ uu o-1u-u~

M (JRG.kb. )
JUL 1 .i 1965

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of
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nt for an
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hip on
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Ast OllOlXIY Subc
ve a good s
r.
1ncerely yow:-a,
-Gfll
Jo ~
R. Gill
Chief, Inf'll
Mann d 6~
t
c~ence
Sci n
Progr
cc: Dr. Al Bo ess, m/08.FC
Willis B. Foster, SM
Subject File
Reading File
SM:JRGill:kby 20593
7/l2/65

,
DEARBOR
OBSERVATORY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
BVA STON, lLLINOIS 60201
24 June 1965
Dr. Jocelyn Gill
Chief, Inflight Sciences Branch
Code SM
Manned Space Science Programs
NASA Headquarters
Washington, D. C. 20546
Dear Jocelyn :
In connection with the astronaut debriefing conference ,
my lack of attendance has caused you any embarrassment .
I 'm sorry if
I simply
couldn 't make it on such short notice .
I was at the University of
Wisconsin when the news reached me on Wednesday morning.
Having just
driven for three hours to get there I was reluctant to turn around
and leave lmmediately as would have been required for me to catch a
late afternoon plane to Houston .
I hope that it might be possible for me to attend the next debriefing
in which the astronauts may be discussing either open hatch activities ,
spacecraft stabilization, or operation of the General Purpose Camera.
As you are probably alreaey aware , I have just received an invitation
from Dr. Newell to become a member of the Astronomy Advisory Subcommittee.
I am delighted both for the honor of having been so chosen and also by
the implication that astronomical observations from manned space vehicles
have at last been recognized as worthwhile scientific activities .
I
thank you for your very considerable efforts in backing my original
proposals and in making it possible for this whole situation to develop
so favorably .
Sincerely,
Karl G. Henize
KGH :mjw

S
(JRG:cvd)
JUL 14 1965
TO:
Manned Spacecr ft Center
Chier. Photo r phic Division, Code
NASA He dquarters
Ch1ef, Infl1 ht Sciences
SUBJECT:
Request for duplicate movie films and color prints of
all 70 mm, hand-held pictu~es
One copy of each of color mevie ~1lms
h1ch include sunsets,
sunrises, horizon bands, limb of earth nd terrain views 1s re­
quested to be forwarded to Dr. J.R. Gill, Code SM,. NASA Head­
quarters.
Please send these air mail sinoe this material 1s
n eded soon for preparation o7'an7i'itrongmical re1ort on GT-~.
One of the most important films for this purpose
s Ma
zine 9.
Two sets or color prints of all color still pictures which were
taken with
sselblad 70 mm camera (on GT-4) are also requested.
It will be adequate to send these by re ular mail.
These prints
pertain mainly to the S-5 and s-6 Gemini
xperimenta.
Jocelyn R. Gill
Jocelyn R. Gill

...
Deputy
cb
OFFICE CODE ►
SIGNATURE ►
(JRO;kby)
JUL 1
19 J
)
.
TO
.
cecraft Center
o.
,
r
po o Spacecr
:
oft
of voice ta
f
rsa ion o e
o, t
ng
ceipt o~ copies of subJe
ri t,
3.
Co
G
.
Dr
. Gill
C
____rter
.c. ro5-46
Jocelyn • Gill_
Joce:cyit R. Gill
cc :
MGS/Mr. Liccard.i
SM Reading Files
SM File : Sci . debriefing GT -4 file
CONCURRENCES: SM:JRGill : kb
20593
7 1 65
OFFICIAL FILE COPY

)
JUN 171965
1p
not
GT;;.4
••
... ...,,..,,. yo
Jocelyn R. GiU
cc :
SM File s
~kby 20593
6/7/65

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cc:
SM Files
SM:JRGill:kby 20593
6/7/65
JUN 171965
C
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JUN 17 1965
cc i
SM 1'1:l.es
:J'BG1ll:
20593
6/7/65

(
JUN 171965
c. S Fils
:JRGlll kby
6/7/ 5

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASHI NGTON , D. C. 20546
IN REPLY REFER TO:
SM- ( JRG: kby)
Dear
We are enclosing,. lis t s of Gemini photographs f or Miss i on s I V
through VIII which you r e questedo
These include the numbers
t hat Creative Arts* can utilize in filling orderso
The
Gemtni IV material can be ordered by the magazine,I) spool,I)
and frame numbers . (Example :
Gemini IVs Magazine 16 s Spool 5,
Frame 3l ) o
The Gemini V, VI, VIIs and VIII material can be
ordered by the 11HC" number ( Example :
65- HC- 701 ) .
Note that the column " GET" signifies ground elapsed time and
can be converted to GMTi which is Greenwich Mean Tim o
We hope this information will answer your need.so
Thank you
f or your interest in the Gemini photographs.
Sincerely yours s
Jocelyn Ro Gill
Manned Flight Experiments Office
Enclosures :
Lists of Gemini IV, V, VI >
VII~ VIII photographs
* Creative Arts
Attn:
Mro Tinsley
814 H Street , NoW•
Washington,I) D.C.

~1)
C
l'
~
.,
\-
✓ .
1
r
\­
From
NORTHERN ARIZONA SOCIETY
OF SCIENCE AND ART, INC.
flAGSTAfF, ARIZONA
P. 0. Box 1389
O rder No .
.. ........ .......-·-··-····
-···-··········CLASS MAIL
EXPRESS
D Insured
D Prepaid
D Parcel Post
O C ollect
D Book Post
D Pieces
D Printed Matter
Value...........-.......
.
~ . .
ti cs &. Space Admih .
Jocelyn . Gill
Contents:
POSTMASTER: This parcel may be opened
for postal Inspection if necflJGry.
RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED
~
I

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